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Aft: Facing, or running along to the rear of a boat or ship. Amidships: Located in the middle of a boat or ship; also termed “midships.” Athwartships: Running across a boat or ship from side to side. Beam: The dimension of boat or ship measured from side to side perpendicular to the centerline; usually measured amidships at the location where the measurement is at maximum. Becket: A short piece of rope looped through a board to form an eye, through which the steering oar is placed as a bracket. Bench: Seat fitted around the sides and aft end of a boat. bhp: Abbreviation for “brake horsepower,” a measurement of diesel engine power. Bilge: The space between the bottom of the hull and the lowest deck or floors. The area of the hull of a roundbottom craft where the bottom gradually becomes the sides (referred to as the “turn of the bilge”). Bitt: Cast-metal posts with heads to which rope or towlines can be secured. Bow: The front or forward portion of a boat or ship. Bulkhead: A vertical structural partition of a boat or ship, other than the hull, that forms a type of wall and divides the boat or ship into compartments; usually constructed so as to be watertight. Bulwark: The upper section of the hull planking or plating that extends above and around the upper deck, usually for protection against breaking seas. Camber: A slope upward toward the center of a surface, as on a deck amidships for shedding water. Carvel-built: A form of boat hull construction where the planking is laid such that planks butt up against each other rather than overlap; i.e., the edge of an upper plank is up against and level or flush with the top edge of the lower plank, with the two planks nailed or riveted to the boat frames rather than to each other. Ceiling: The inner planking of a boat laid on the inside of a boat’s frames. Centerline: An imaginary horizontal line that runs down the exact middle of a boat or ship from bow to stern, dividing it into two equal halves. Chine: A boat hull shape where the bottom and sides meet at an angle rather than as a curved shape; “hardchined ” is a hull shape where this angle is very sharp or narrow, and “soft-chined” is a hull shape where this angle is wider; a chine hull form is initially more resistant to heeling (or tipping) over than a rounded-bottom hull form, but is less stable and less resistant to further heeling once over at an angle compared to a round-bottomed boat. Clinker-built: A form of boat hull construction where the planking overlaps; i.e., the edge of an upper plank overlaps the top edge of the lower plank, with the two planks nailed or riveted together. Coble: A small, wooden-hulled flat-bottomed coastal fishing boat that originated in Great Britain. Typically, cobles were clinker-built, between 15 and 30 feet in overall length with a fairly large beam, pronounced sheer, deep forefoot, and a square stern, and were designed to be launched from the beach directly into the seas. They could be rowed or sailed. Deadrise: The angle between the bottom and a horizontal plane in the middle of a boat, or the upward slope of the boat’s bottom from the keel to the bilge. The flatter the bottom of a boat is, the less deadrise it has. Deck: A horizontal surface in boat or ship construction that usually runs completely forward to aft, from side to side. Deep-V hull: A boat-bottom shape that takes the form of a sharp V angle to improve boat movement through the water. Depth: The vertical measurement of a boat’s or ship’s size from the gunwale to the keel. dia: Abbreviation for “diameter.” Dipping lugsail: A lugsail with its tack secured well forward of the mast. The sail is set to leeward of the mast such that, when coming about on an alternate course under sail, the forward end of the gaff has to be dipped to the new leeward side. APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS 164 Appendix A. Glossary and Abbreviations Displacement: The weight or mass of water that a boat or ship displaces when afloat, usually measured in pounds or tons. Displacement hull: A hull design where the boat’s or ship’s hull is fully immersed whether underway or at rest...

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