The Bioarchaeology of Violence

Index

Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations Abbasids, 86, 88, 100, 104 Acsadi, Gyorgy, 230 Africa, 86. See also Turkana herding community (Kenya) Africans, 38 Agarwal, Sabrina C., 2 Agriculture, 47, 51, 87–88, 104, 116, 142, 235 Alkali Ridge Site 13, 123 Alt, Kurt W., 258 Altar de Sacrificios, Guatemala, 164 Al Wu’ayra, 100 Amaru, Tupac, II, 52 Ambrose, Stanley H., 232–33 American Bottom, 233 American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 30 Amman, Jordan, 84, 85 Ancestral Pueblo, 18, 19, 21–22, 23, 112–13, 114–15, 117–18. See also San Juan region (U.S.) Andeans, 38, 40, 44–46, 48, 49. See also Muchik population; Wari Empire Anemia: causes of, 34, 42, 48; children and, 50; and cribra orbitalia, 89, 91, 95, 96, 234; as evidence of structural violence, 52; hemolytic , 42; megablastic, 116; megaloblastic, 42; at Mórrope, 43, 46, 48, 50, 51; and porotic hyperostosis, 42, 43, 46, 48, 101, 102, 234; at Qasr Hallabat, 91, 96. See also Health Animals, 46, 47, 67, 233 Anthropology of Violence, The (Riches), 13 Arce, Ignacio, 83, 86 Argentine war, 23 Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS), 258 Arroyo Hondo, 111–12, 114, 116–17 Aufderheide, Arthur C., 89 Awatovi village and people, 21–22 Aztalan site (Wisc.), 208 Aztec Ruins, 22 Aztecs, 161, 174, 263 Bab edh-Dra (Jordan), 99 Badiya, 85, 87 Baghdad, 86 Baking Pot, Belize, 164 Barton Ramie, Belize, 164 Bass, William M., 230 Bear Society, 113 Bedouins, 85, 87, 88 Belize, 164 Bioarchaeology: and anthropology, 33; and ethnography, 65–66, 75; evidence available in, 65–66; focuses of, 32; goals of, 279; interdisciplinary nature of, 2; and macro analysis, 180; and micro analysis, 180; origins of, 1; purposes of, 1; and study of nonlethal violence, 74–75; and study of violence, 64–65 Biological distance: at Cahokia, 230, 231–32, 233–34, 235, 237, 239, 240, 243, 244; and ethnicity, 232; focuses of, 255–57; and kinship , 264; at Larson site, 218; in Maya area, 256, 257; methods of calculating, 257–59; in Middle Cumberland Region, 156; and skull deposits, 264; and social distance, 235; weaknesses of, 264 Blok, Anton, 202 Bodies. See Corpses Body as Material Culture: A Theoretical Osteoarchaeology , The (Sofaer), 278 Bosnia, 17 Bourgois, Philippe, 32, 37 Bradley, Cynthia S., 125 Brewer-Carias, Charles A., 256 Bronze Age, 99 Brothwell, Don R., 230 Brüning, H. H., 48 Buikstra, Jane E., 89, 232 284 · Index Burials: and age, 111, 212, 228; Ancestral Pueblo and, 19, 20, 21, 22; at Arroyo Hondo, 111–12, 116; and biological distance, 237; at Cahokia, 227–35, 237–39, 241, 242–43; of captives, 231, 240; at Chapel of San Pedro de Mórrope, 40–41; and gender, 228, 235, 237; interpretation of, 227–28; at Larson site, 211–18; of nonlocal persons, 227, 228–29, 231–32; photos of, 41; in Polacca Wash, 21; in Rwanda, 18; in San Juan region, 123; secondary, 207, 208, 209, 212, 216, 217, 218; single, 211; and social distance, 231, 235, 237, 242; and status, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232–33, 235, 237 Byzantine Empire, 86–87 Byzantine period, 102 Caddoans, 243 Caesarea (Israel), 100, 102 Cahokia site (Ill.): architecture at, 227, 243; biological distance at, 235, 240; captives at, 227–29, 231–36, 237–39, 240–43, 245; cosmology at, 229–30, 244; diet at, 228, 232–33, 241; gender at, 227; health at, 228, 234–35; population of, 241; sacrifice at, 227, 228, 240; scholarship on, 209, 227; social relationships at, 229, 231, 235, 237, 240, 242, 243; status at, 230, 231, 232–34, 237, 241 Calakmul (Mex.), 174 California, 155 Cannibalism: Ancestral Pueblo and, 112; at Awatovi, 21; causes of, 127, 130, 131; characteristics of, 204; evidence of, 126–27, 204, 206, 207–8, 212–13, 217; historical documentation on, 205–6; patterns of, 202–3; and power relations, 112; in Rwanda, 17; and sacrifice, 205; at Salmon Pueblo, 123; at San Juan region sites, 126; and scalping, 207; scholarship on, 201, 203, 205–6; and torture, 205; and warfare, 207 Captivity: and adoption, 203, 229, 239–40; and age, 183, 188, 192–94, 203, 211, 229, 237, 239, 255; at Cahokia, 227–29, 231–36, 237–39, 240–43; Choctaw and, 204–5; Comanche and, 229; depictions of, 162, 209; and diet, 232–33, 241, 242; and enslavement, 203, 204, 239–40; evidence of, 204, 206; and gender, 183, 188, 192–94, 203, 209, 228, 229, 231–32, 239–40; and...