Mississippian Mortuary Practices: Beyond Hierarchy and the Representationist Perspective

Index

Agency theory, 9, 16 Altars. See palettes, stone Ancestors, , , , , , , , , ,  Archaeological phases: Angel, , ; Dallas, , , , , , , –, –, –, , –, , , –, ; Evans, , ; Fort Ancient, , –, –; Fort Coffee, , –, ; Harlan, , ; Lamar, , ; Leak, , , –, –; Lohmann, ; Middle Cumberland, –, , ; Moorehead, , ; Moundville I, , , ; Moundville II, , , ; Moundville III, , ; Moundville IV, ; Mouse Creek, , , –, , ; Nodena, , –, , , , , , , , , , –, ; Pisgah, , , , –, –, ; Plum Bayou, ; Qualla, ; Spiro , , , , , –, , –, –, , , ; Stirling, –; Town Creek, , , –, , –; Wilbanks, , –, –, –, –,  Archaeological sites: GR, ; th Unnamed Cave, –; th Unnamed Cave, –; th Unnamed Cave, ; th Unnamed Cave, , –, ; th Unnamed Cave, ; th Unnamed Cave, , ; th Unnamed Cave, , –, ; Hw, ; Annis , , ; Arnold, , ; ASG, , ; Averbuch, ; Aztalan, , , , , , , –, , –, –, –; Banks, , , ; Bert Smith, ; Big Bone Cave, –, ; Big Mound, , ; Braden Schoolhouse, ; Bradley, ; Bridges, ; Cahokia, , –, , –, –, , –, –, , , , –, , , ; Campbell, , –, ; Cemetery Mound, , ; Cobb Island, , , ; Coleman Cave, ; Dickson Mounds, , , ; Dunbar Cave, ; Dust Cave, ; Etowah, , , –, , , , –, –, , ; Fains Island, , –, , , ; Fatherland , , ; Galley Pond, ; Ganier, ; Glover’s Cave, , ; Goforth Saindon, ; Harding (“Rattlesnake”) Mound, , ; Hazel, ; Hixon, ; Holliston Mills, , –, ; Indian Cave, ; John Chapman, , , ; Jonathan Creek, ; Junkyard Mound, , –, , ; Kellogg, ; King, , , , ; Koger’s Island, , , –, , –, –, –, –; Lake Hole Cave, ; Ledford Island, , , –, , –; Loy, , ; Macon Plateau, ; Madisonville, ; McCullough Bend, , ; McMahan, ; Middle Nodena, , –, –, –; Mitchell Mound, , –; Moore, ; Morton Mound, ; Moundville, , , , , , , –, , , , , –, , , , , –, , , ; Mouse Creek, , ; Nelson, ; Nodena, ; Pecan Point, , , , –, –, , –; Picture Cave, ; Plum Grove, –; Powell Mound, ; Rotherwood, ; Russell Cave, ; Rymer, ; Saltpeter Cave, Index 346 Index ; Schild, , , ; Schomaker, ; Shiloh, –, ; Southwind, ; Spiro, , , , , , –, , –, , –, , , ; State Line, ; SunWatch, , , , –, , –, ; Taylor, ; Toltec, ; Town Creek, , , –, , –, –, –, , –; Turpin, ; Upper Nodena, , –, , , –, –, , –, ; Warren Wilson, , , –; Wilson Mound, , ; Yokem, , ; Zimmerman ’s Island,  Ascribed (ascriptive) status, , , , , ,  Barrett, Samuel A., –, , –, , , , , , ,  Baskets, , –, ,  Binford, Lewis R., –, , , –, , , –, , , , ,  Birdman, , , ,  Braden style, ,  Bundles, medicine or sacred, , –, –,  Burials: bundle, , , , , ; disarticulated , , –, , , , , , ; residential, ; secondary (reburial, disposal), , –, –, , , , , , , , . See also charnel houses; crematories; ossuaries Caddo, , , ,  Cannibalism, , , , ,  Celts, –, , , , , , , , , , , –, ,  Ceramic vessels, , , –, –, –, –, , –, , , ; headpots, ; negative painted, ,  Charnel houses or structures, –, , , , –, , , , . See also burials ; crematories; ossuaries Cherokee, –, , , –,  Chickasaw,  Chiefdoms, –, , , , , , , –, , , –, ,  Chunkey (chunky) game, ; stone, , , ; stick,  Circle with cross (cross-in-circle) motif, , , , , , , ,  Clans, , , –, –, –, , , , –, , ,  Collective representation, , , ,  Copper artifacts, , –, , , , , , n, , , , –, , , –, –, –, , n, –, , –, –, –, –, , , , –, ,  Corporate groups, , , , , , , , –, , , , –, , , , , –, , n, , , , –, –,  Cosmos, , , , , , , –, –; cosmogram, , , , , , ; cosmological plan, , , –, , , , , ,  Creek, , , –, , , , , –, , –, –, –, ,  Crematories, ; and cremated remains, , , ; and cremations, , , , –, . See also burials; charnel houses; ossuaries Crystals, ,  Cultural pluralism,  De Soto, Hernando, 254 Discoidal (stone or ceramic), 60, 84–85, 117, 119, 124, 138–43, 181–84, 186–89, 192, 257 Dogs, 25, 44, 275, 277 Earspools, 25, 69, 103, 108, 179, 188, 192, 209, 255, 256, 262 Earth Mother, 41, 44 Effigies, 46, 101, 138–39, 142, 154, 181–84, 186–87, 189, 284–85, 287, 291 Ethnicity, 10–11, 31, 144, 190, 192, 235–36; ethnic groups, 9, 114, 236, 269 Feasts/feasting, 28, 51, 94, 225 Feathers, 58, 271–72 Figurines, 41, 44 Gender, 8, 10–11, 28, 31, 74, 109, 111, 133, 212, 234, 236, 239, 246–47, 283, 291 Greenstone, 84–85, 141–42, 154, 156, 158, 160, 169, 192, 287, 307, 339 Archaeological sites—continued Index 347 Hasinai, 340 Hawks. See raptors Headresses, 58–60, 66, 69, 70, 255; headbands , 40, 45 Heterarchies, 8, 230 Hightower style, 70–71 Holder, Preston, 21, 25 Holmes, William H., 174, 313 House society (social house), 11–12, 56, 66 Huron, 51 Iroquois, 27, 63, 40 Kroeber, Alfred L., 17 Lapham, Increase A., 90, 92, 101 Litters, 38, 40–41, 44–48, 51 Masks, 42, 142, 188, 260–61, 266 Mica, 60, 208, 228–29, 257, 266, 275, 280 Mississippianization, 16, 127 Monolithic ax, 58–60 Moore, Clarence B., 174 Morning Star (Morningstar), 24, 32, 72 Mounds, 72, 10, 12–13, 15, 18–19, 21–27, 23, 30, 32–33, 48–52, 96; platform, 1, 24, 90, 94, 101, 116, 195–96, 231, 239; ridgetop, 15, 18–19, 21–23, 25–29 Mummies, 273, 274, 283 Muskogean, 62–64 Natchez, 6, 34, 151 Norris, Philetus, 175 Ogee, , –, – Osage ,  Ossuaries, , –, –, . See also burials; charnel houses; crematories Palettes, stone (portable stone altars), –, , –, –,  Palmer, Edward, – Pawnee,  Pearls, –, , ,  Pee Dee, ,  Personhood, , –, , ,  Pipes, , , , , , , , , –, , –, –, , –,  Platform mounds. See under mounds Posts/poles/wooden markers, ,–, –, , , , –, –, , , , , –, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  Power, , –, , , –, , , , , , , , –, , , , –, –, , , –,  Prestige goods, , ,  Raccoons, –, –, , , –, , , – Ranked society, , –, – Raptors, , , , , , –, –, ,  Rattles, , , –, , –, –,  Red ochre, , –, ,  Ridgetop mounds. See under mounds Ritual landscape, ,  Role theory, – Sacrifices, 18, 23–28, 71–72 Saxe, Arthur A., 3–6, 54–55, 74, 87, 145–46, 148, 171, 179, 199 Shamans, 46, 50, 186 Sharks’ teeth, 60 Shell artifacts, 38, 120, 256; beads, 18, 23–25, 42–44, 70–71, 85, 103, 108, 119–20, 139–43, 152, 154, 156–60, 169, 179, 182–84, 187–89, 192, 206–11, 214, 244, 255–57, 259–60, 266, 275–76, 280; bracelets, 121, 140, 142, 181, 188, 191 ; cups, 36, 40, 46–47, 70, 117, 154, 160, 169; ear pins, 208–9, 244; earplugs, 140, 142, 181–84, 186–89, 191–92, 276; gorgets, 36, 63, 179, 188, 209–10, 244, 256–57, 260–62, 266–67, 275–76; necklaces , 23, 139, 140, 142, 181–84, 186–89, 191–92...