Quakers Living in the Lion's Mouth: The Society of Friends in Northern Virginia, 1730-1865

Title Page, Copyright, Dedication

Quakers Living in the Lion’s Mouth Southern Dissent University Press of Florida Florida A&M University, Tallahassee Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers Florida International University, Miami Florida State University, Tallahassee New College of Florida, Sarasota University of Central Florida, Orlando University of Florida, Gainesville University of North Florida, Jacksonville University of South Florida, Tampa University of West Florida, Pensacola Quakers Living in the Lion’s Mouth The Society of Friends in Northern Virginia, 1730–1865 A. Glenn Crothers Foreword by Stanley Harrold and Randall M. Miller University Press of Florida Gainesville · Tallahassee · Tampa · Boca Raton Pensacola · Orlando · Miami · Jacksonville · Ft. Myers · Sarasota Portions of this book draw on A. Glenn Crothers’s previously published work: “Quaker Merchants and Slavery in Early National Alexandria, Virginia: The Ordeal of William Hartshorne,” Journal of the Early Republic 25 (Spring 2005): 47–77; “‘I Felt Much Interest in Their Welfare’: Quaker Philanthropy and African Americans in Antebellum Northern Virginia,” Southern Friend 29 (2007): 3–36; and “Northern Virginia’s Quakers and the War for Independence: Negotiating a Path of Virtue in a Revolutionary World,” in Joseph S. Tiedemann and Eugene R. Fingerhut, eds., The Other Loyalists: The Common Sort, Royalism, and the Revolution in the Middle Colonies, 1763–1787 (New York: State University of New York Press, 2009), 105–30. Copyright 2012 by A. Glenn Crothers All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America. This book is printed on Glatfelter Natures Book, a paper certified under the standards of the Forestry Stewardship Council (FSC). It is a recycled stock that contains 30 percent post-consumer waste and is acid-free. 17 16 15 14 13 12 6 5 4 3 2 1 A record of cataloging-in-publication data is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-8130-3973-2 The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing agency for the State University System of Florida, comprising Florida A&M University, Florida Atlantic University, Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida International University, Florida State University, New College of Florida, University of Central Florida, University of Florida, University of North Florida, University of South Florida, and University of West Florida. University Press of Florida 15 Northwest 15th Street Gainesville, FL 32611-2079 http://www.upf.com This book is dedicated to the memory of my father, Albert Crothers. ...