African Spiritual Traditions in the Novels of Toni Morrison

Works Cited

Works Cited Adams, Edward C. L. Tales of the Congaree. 1927. Edited by Robert G. O’Meally. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987. Adjaye, Joseph K., ed. Time in the Black Experience. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1994. Ajuwon, Bade. “Ogun’s Iremoje: A Philosophy of Living and Dying.” In Africa’s Ogun: Old World and New, edited by Sandra T. Barnes, 173–98. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997. Ani, Marimba. Yurugu: African Centered Critique of European Cultural Thought and Behavior. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1994. Ansberry, Clare. “Toni Morrison’s Mom Recalls Storytelling Days in Lorain.” Lorain Journal, January 12, 1982, 5:1. Armah, Ayi Kwei. Two Thousand Seasons. London: Heinemann, 1979. Awkward, Michael. “Negotiations of Power: White Critics, Black Texts, and the SelfReferential Impulse.” American Literary History 2, no. 4 (1990): 581–606. Awolalu, J. Omosade. Yoruba Beliefs and Sacrificial Rites. Brooklyn: Athelia Henrietta Press, 2001. Babalola, S. A. The Content and Form of Yoruba Ijala. Oxford, Britain: Clarendon Press, 1966. ———. “A Portrait of Ogun as Reflected in Ijala Chants.” In Africa’s Ogun: Old World and New, edited by Sandra. T. Barnes, 147–72. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997. Baker, Houston A., Jr. Long Black Song: Essays in Black American Literature and Culture. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1990. ———. Workings of the Spirit. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. Bakerman, Jane S. “Failures of Love: Female Initiation in the Novels of Toni Morrison .” American Literature 52 (1981): 549. Bambara, Toni Cade. The Salt Eaters. 1980. New York: Vintage, 1992. Baraka, Amiri. Blues People. New York: Perennial, 1998. Bell, Bernard W. The Afro-American Novel and Its Tradition. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1987. Bell, Catherine. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. New York: Oxford University Press 1992. Berry, Mary Frances, and John Blassingame. “Africa, Slavery and the Roots of Contemporary Black Culture.” In Chant of Saints, edited by Michael S. Harper and Robert B. Stepto, 241–56. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1979. 226 k Works Cited ———. Long Memory: The Black Experience in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. Bhabha, Homi K. Nation and Narration. New York: Routledge, 1990. Biebuyck, Daniel P. “The African Heroic Epic.” Journal of the Folklore Institute 13 (1979):18. ———. Hero and Chief: Epic Literature from the Bayanga (Zaire Republic). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1978. Birenbaum, Harvey. Myth and Mind. Lanham, Md.: University of America Press, 1988. Blackburn, Sara. “Sula.” Review of Sula by Toni Morrison. New York Times, December 30, 1973, 3. Blassingame, John W. The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South. 1972. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views Toni Morrison. New York: Chelsea, 1990. Bockie, Simon. Death and the Invisible Powers: The World of Kongo Belief. Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1993. Bontemps, Arna. “A Black Man talks of Reaping.” In Cavalcade: Negro American Writing from 1760 to the Present, edited by Arthur P. Davis and Saunders Redding , 332. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971. Bradshaw, John. Bradshaw On: the Family: A Revolutionary Way of Self Discovery. Deerfield Beach, Fla.: Health Community, 1988, 2. Quoted in Laurenti Magesa, African Religion: The Moral Traditions of Abundant Life, 170–71. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 2002. Brown, Ras M. “Walk in the Feenda: West-Central Africans and the Forest in the South Carolina-Georgia Lowcountry.” In Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora, edited by Linda M. Heywood, 289–317. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Byerman, Keith. “Beyond Realism.” In Toni Morrison: Critical Perspectives Past and Present, edited by Henry Louis Gates Jr. and K. Anthony Appiah, 100–125. New York: Amistad, 1993. Campbell, Jane. Mythic Black Fiction: The Transformation of History. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1986. Chernoff, John Miller. African Rhythm and African Sensibility: Aesthetics and Social Action in African Musical Idioms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. Christian, Barbara. Black Women Novelists: The Development of a Tradition. Westport , Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1980. ———. “Somebody Forgot To Tell Somebody Something: African-American Women ’s Historical Novels.” In Wild Women in the Whirlwind: Afra-American Culture and the Contemporary Literary Renaissance, edited by Joanne M. Braxton and Andree Nicola McLaughlin, 326–41. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1990. Chukwunyere, Kamalu. Person, Divinity, and Nature: A Modern View of the Person and the Cosmos in African Thought. Lawrenceville, N.J.: Red Sea Press, 1988. Works Cited k 227 Clarke, John Henrik. “Pan-Africanism: A Brief History of an Idea...