To March for Others: The Black Freedom Struggle and the United Farm Workers

Index

A & P Supermarket, 71–72, 120 A. Perelli-Minetti & Sons, 50, 52, 53, 73, 83, 109 Abernathy, Ralph: background, 130–31, 139, 169; California grape boycott and, 119; Cesar Chavez and, 120–21, 123, 124 (fig.), 129, 131, 135; Charleston hospital workers’ strike and, 121–23; Coachella to Calexico march and, 123, 124 (fig.); Jesse Jackson and, 119; lettuce boycott and, 134; organized labor and, 116–18; as president of SCLC, 116, 118–19, 131, 139, 169, 171 African Americans, 1–2; class and, 22, 40–41, 55–56, 71, 79, 176n23; cultural exchanges with Mexican Americans, 8, 80, 183n16; employment discrimination against, 6; farmworkers, 19, 31– 32, 36, 50, 51 (fig.), 52, 58, 77, 87, 89, 91, 94, 181n40, 185n36; as members of UFW, 26, 31–32, 52; as part of Third World, 63; segregation, 6, 8, 12–13; as similar to Mexican Americans, 1, 6–7, 13–14, 25, 60–61, 75, 77, 149, 168; as strikebreakers, 31, 80; as supporters of UFW, 71–72, 75, 129, 135; in West (U.S.), 8, 58, 80, 94, 98 Agribusiness, 42–43, 87, 106, 167, 171; definition , 4; influence on Oakland city government, 157; ties to civil rights organizations, 170 Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, AFL-CIO (AWOC), 7, 23–24, 45, 49 Alianza Federal de Pueblos Libres, 2, 5, 66–69, 74 Alinsky, Saul, 42, 57, 65–66 American Federation of Labor (AFL), 86 American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), 51–52, 66, 96, 151, 163, 187n5, 194n40; black freedom struggle and, 48, 86, 189n30; racial discrimination in, 90–91, 117, 139; support for UFW, 93, 133, 194n40; UFW/AWOC merger and, 45–46, 49–50, 69–70, 139. See also individual unions American Friends Service Committee, 112 American GI Forum, 6 American Indians, 60, 112; as part of Third World, 63; Third World Liberation Front and, 2; in West (U.S.), 8, 58, 97–98, 135 Arabs, 26, 36 Arizona H.B. 2134 (Farm Bureau Bill) and, 134 Asian Americans, 26, 36, 92; in coalitions with CSO, 24, 28; as members of AWOC, 7, 23–24; as part of Third World, 63; in West (U.S.), 8, 25, 58, 80–81, 97–98 I N D E X Baker, Ella, 12–13 Ballis, George, 22, 26, 30, 37 (fig.), 49, 57–58 Banyacya, Thomas, 67 (fig.) Barr, E. L., 121 Black freedom struggle, 61, 167–68, 171, 181n34; black nationalism, 53–54, 58, 60, 70, 145; Black Power, 66, 98, 116, 143; Chicano movement and, 2, 173n4; class and, 72, 84; compared to labor movement, 46; critiques, 1, 53, 115–16; “Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work” campaigns, 32–33; integration, 41, 53, 79, 111–12; letter-writing as protest tactic, 33, 84, 170; as movement for economic justice, 7–8, 111; nonviolence and, 107, 109–10; in North, 53, 65; organized labor and, 9, 46–48, 86, 90, 117, 122, 184n28, 189n30; political power and, 143–44, 192n6; racial separatism, 53–54, 98, 168; red-baiting, 27, 125; rejection by whites, 107, 132; sit-ins, 12–13; in South (U.S.), 3, 8, 53, 65, 81; violence toward, 110; in West (U.S.), 3, 8, 81, 98, 180n29 Black nationalism. See under Black freedom struggle Black Panther, 149–50, 160, 162, 163, 165; mission, 98; promotion of UFW in, 98–99, 101, 140, 145, 146 (fig.), 147– 48, 156–57 Black Panther Party (BPP), 2, 10, 192n17; Alex Rackley murder trial and, 141–42; ban on “Bitter Dog,” 100–101, 186n52; base in Oakland, California, 97–98, 105, 145, 148, 168; California grape boycott and, 71–73, 96, 98, 104–5, 140–41, 186n54; California Proposition 22 and, 145, 147–48, 151; Cesar Chavez and, 97, 104, 147, 150–51, 155–56; Chicago chapter, 102–3; class and, 73, 97, 100, 104, 105; COINTELPRO and, 103, 140–43, 164; compared to other civil rights organizations, 3, 5, 96–97, 105, 108; conflicts with black nationalists, 145, 168; E & J Gallo Wineries and, 161–62; electoral politics and, 141, 143–45, 148, 165; founding, 3, 97; Free Breakfast for Children program, 101–2, 103, 142–43, 159; internal conflicts , 142–43, 163–164; lettuce boycott and, 141, 146 (fig.), 147; Mexican Americans and, 148–50, 160; multiracial solidarity and, 97–98, 101, 105, 145, 147, 148–50, 159–60, 169; organizational praxis, 3, 97–98, 142–43, 169; organized labor and, 99–100; revolutionary intercommunalism, 145, 168; as physically intimidating, 101–2, 186n54; rural backgrounds...