The Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade

Index

Abeokuta (Yorubaland), 38, 40, 61 abolition of slave trade (Atlantic): Brazil, 220–21; British interdiction of slave trade and recaptives in Sierra Leone, 12–13, 23–24; Cuba, 85. See also under slave trade Adderley, Rosanne, 22 Africanization, 14; African religious practices (Luanda), 198–201 (see also alembamento; juramento of Ndua; xinguillamento); concerns of Africanization in São Salvador da Bahia, 76; in conjunction with creolization in Sierra Leone, 22, 24, 27– 34; movement of Ekpe (secret society) from Africa to Cuba, 92; pan-Yoruba nationality, Sierra Leone, 39; white female brotherhood members “acting and dressing black,” Luanda, 201–2. See also Afro-Europeans; Candomblé; cultural hybridization/fusion; secret societies; under individual mutual aid associations for specific African religious practices Africanus, 27–28. See also Horton, James A. B.; Sancho, Ignatius; Vassa, Gustavus Afro-Europeans: Afro Europeans/ Brazilians, Ouidah, 43, 44, 48, 52–53, 55; Cap Français, 103–7, 109. See also Almeida, Antonio de; Medeiro de; Oliveira de; Souza, Francisco Felix de Agbo, Casimir, 52, 53–55, 59, 61 Aguiar y Seixas, Francisco (archbishop), 253–54. See also brotherhoods; Catholic Church Ajayi Crowther, Samuel (African Anglican bishop), Sierra Leone, 25, 26, 28, 38, 39. See also under missionaries Akoo (Aku) in Sierra Leone: languages, 33, 34, 39; nation, 28; Oyo diaspora, 28, 30, 31 Alexander, James J., on Havana population, 95 Allada (kingdom): diaspora, Ouidah, 47, 51, 56; healing practices, Cartagena, 152 (see also Arará, Mateo; barbeiros; healers); place of origin of Jeje, São Salvador da Bahia, 67 Almanak Laemmert (1844–89), on barbeiros, 219. See also barbeiros Almeida, Antonio de, 52, 54, 55. See also Afro-Europeans Almeida, Pedro Felix de, 48. See also AfroEuropeans amnesia (collective national), of African slave past in Portugal, 234–35. See also Pio, Duarte Andrade (Jesuit), on health and disease in Cartagena, 150. See also under Cartagena; health and healing practices; Jesuits Angola, 7–8, 12, 15, 21, 22; barbershops in Angola, 213–15; leech trade between Angola and Brazil, 14, 215; links with Brazil, 21; links with Ouidah, 44, 52; slaves from Luanda in Angola as Index Index 356 Angola, (cont’d) pumbeiros, 193. See also under Angolan diaspora; barbeiros; barbers; cultural hybridization/fusion; healers; health and healing practices; slave trade; WestCentral Africa Angolan diaspora: Cartagena, 149–50, 158; Lisbon, 239–40, 243–44; Mexico City, 245, 251; São Salvador da Bahia, 14, 66–68, 71, 73, 76, 80. See also under barbeiros; barbers; cultural hybridization/fusion; healers; health and healing practices; nations; Nkisi Aponte Rebellion (1812), Havana, 18, 89 Arará, Francisco (captain), 155, 157, 159, 160, 161. See also Arará nation; Matudere Arará, Mateo (herbalist/healer), 151–52. See also under Inquisition in Spanish Atlantic Arará nation, in Matudere, 156–61. See also Arará, Francisco; Matudere Ararás of Cartagena, 10, 159. See also Arará nation; mutual aid associations arimos, Luanda, 190–91. See also Recôncavo “Atlantic creole,” 81, 208 Atlantic mobility (Africans): Atlantic travel between Luanda and Rio de Janeiro for business, labor, and education, 205–6, 246; barbeiros as itinerants in the Atlantic, 230; Pascual Diaz’s (mulato) links with confraternites across Iberian Atlantic, 263–64; slave mobility according to skills and gender, 204; slave pilots in British Atlantic, 163–84; slave travel without masters, 205. See also Baquaqua, Mohammah Gardo; barbeiros; Díaz, Pascual; mandinga trade; Salvador, Manoel de; slave pilots Auberteuil, Hillard de, 104 autonomy in Black Atlantic, 11; autonomous parishes in Sierra Leone, 10, 25–34. See also under Atlantic mobility; barbeiros; canto; ganho; kitandeiras; mutual aid associations; port cities; slave pilots Badagry (Yorubaland), links with: Ouidah, 59, 60, 64; Sierra Leone, 38 Baquaqua, Mohammah Gardo (slave), Atlantic travels, 50, 51, 208 barbeiros (slave healers, blood letters, and hair dressers): in Angola, 213–14; Portuguese Atlantic barbeiro licenses, 216–17; Portuguese Atlantic, African barbeiros owning other barbeiros for “hiring out” (see Martins, José do Santos); Portuguese Atlantic, Hausa healing practices, 227–28; Portuguese Atlantic, on slave ships as healers and translators, 215–16, 220–22; Portuguese Atlantic, Rio de Janeiro masters hiring out barbeiro slaves to ships (see Ferreira, Joaquim Antonio); Rio de Janeiro, 11, 212; Rio de Janeiro, African barbeiros owning other barbeiros for “hiring out” (see Martins, José do Santos); Rio de Janeiro, barbeiros’ ethnicity, 14, 218; Rio de Janeiro, brotherhood, 14, 209, 219, 220; Rio de Janeiro, campaigns against barbeiros, 219–20; Rio de Janeiro, guilds, 14; Rio de Janeiro, surgeons, 210; Rio de Janeiro, urban free barbeiros, 209, 220. See also barbers in Cartagena; health and healing...