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Bibliography
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B i b l i o g r a p h y See the Introduction for a discussion of the source base of this study (including the fieldwork that helped generate it) and areas of scholarship on which this book draws. Detailed references are given in the notes. The following collections of unpublished materials deserve separate mention: Unpublished Sources oral interviews The following are interviews the author conducted with eyewitnesses and survivors of clan cleansing in Mogadishu, Baydhaba, Kismaayo, and Gedo. Interview 1: Geello Xirsi, Frankfurt, July 2004. Interview 2: Maxamed Aadan Yuusuf, Wellesley, Massachusetts, January 23, 2009. Interview 3: AH, former Manifesto elder who spoke to me by phone on the condition that I would not use his name. April 8, 2009. Interview 4: Cabdulcasiis Nuur Xirsi, signatory of the Manifesto Group, Boston, May 3, 2009. Interview 5: Eng. Maxamuud Cali “Cadami” and Saciid M. Shire “Suugaan,” Columbus , Ohio, June 15, 2009. Interview 6: Abshir Maxamed Cali, by phone from Virginia, August 29, 2009; about USC capture of Kismaayo in April 1991. Interview 7: Mohamed Kassim, by telephone from Sharja, August 23, 2009, and January 17, 2010; about the different episodes of violence experienced by the Benadiri people, especially the residents of Brava. Interview 8: Siyaad Sheekh Cumar Sheekh Daahir, by phone from Boston, midFebruary 2010. Interview 9: Cabdulcasiis Nuur Xirsi, signatory of the Manifesto Group, Wellesley, November 17, 2010. audio-visual primary sources The following are audio-visual primary sources not available on the Internet and in possession of the author. They consist of informally videotaped recordings of events in 284 Bibliography Somalia in 1991–1992 by USC journalists, copies of which were provided to me by Eng. Maxamuud Cali “Cadami” and Faduumo Dheel. Relevant to this study are three discs: Disc 1 contains footage of a USC film crew driving through the Huriwaa neighborhood of Mogadishu before Barre’s expulsion on January 26, filming what they see and occasionally interviewing groups of people and commanders about what is happening and how they see the situation. They also interview some Italian families who are evacuated by helicopter on tape. This tape also contains a brief Italian TV program shot in Mogadishu on February 2, 1991, and footage of the demonstration by Somalis in Toronto , probably in March 1991, including speeches about the massacres in Mogadishu and the plight of the expelled. Disc 2 overlaps with, but has some footage other than Disc 1. Disc 3 contains a set of interviews the film crew held with USC commanders, female nurses, and wounded men at General Caydiid’s temporary headquarters. Having interviewed these individuals in the field, the film crew followed Caydiid’s car and entourage via Jowhar to Mogadishu, where on January 10, 1991, Caydiid held a series of meetings with leading politicians of USC-Mogadishu and the Reconciliation Committee (Cumar Carta Ghaalib, Xusseen Xaaji Maxamed Bood, and Cali Mahdi) and top USC military men, of whom generals Nuur Cadde, “Nero,” Galaal, Axmed Sahal “Ciriiri,” and Cabdullaahi Warsame are identified by name. Then the crew filmed Caydiid as he left for “the central regions,” including Beledweyne. Other Unpublished Sources Silyano [sic], Axmed M. 1991. “A Proposal to the Somali National Movement on a Framework for a Transitional Government in Somalia.” London, March. Typescript in possession of the author. Canadian Network on Human Rights in Somalia. 1991. Press Release, Toronto, March 9. www.somaliawatch.org, accessed May 19, 2009 Concerned Somalis. 1991a. “Genocide in Mogadishu: Mogadishu after the ouster of Barre’s dictatorship,” with Victim List. March 11. www.somaliawatch.org, accessed March 21, 2009. ———. 1991b. “Genocide in Galkayo (USC assault in the Mudug region).” March 19, including USC Military Communiqué “Galkio Falls into the U.S.C. Hands.” March 3. www.somaliawatch.org, accessed March 21, 2009. “Mogadishu Massacre.” 1991. Document forwarded to me privately by email March 29, 2009: list of 229 names of victims of “clan cleansing” (mostly men but some women) probably put together in Nairobi c. March 1991. “Kismaayo Massacre.” 1992. Document forwarded privately by email March 29, 2009: list of 77 male and female victims (6 to 82 years), killed in Kismaayo, December 1992. Military Communiqué. 1991. Ref. No.USC/DD/3/3/91, March 3: Galkio [Gaalkacyo] falls into the U.S.C hands. From Genocide File, www.somaliawatch.org, accessed March 21, 2009. t MUSE (2024-03-29 00:07 GMT) Bibliography 285 Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji. 1992. “Ergada Mission to the Horn of Africa (The Inter-River Regions of Somalia). August 18...