Miami: Mistress of the Americas

Index

i n d e x Page numbers in italics indicate figures. AB Financing, 129–30 AECOM Design, 198 affinity scams, 129–30 African Americans: and civil rights movement, 51, 53–54, 146; and crime, 149; and crises of 1980, 56–58, 61–62; and Cuban population, 61–62; early twentieth-century Miami, 15–17, 32; and Haitian population, 58–61, 159, 247–48n44; local neighborhoods , 51–54, 145–50; McDuffie trial and race riots, 56–58, 58, 146; the 1960s, 51–54; Overtown community, 16, 30–31, 51–53, 145–46, 245n22; poverty rates and household incomes , 145, 146, 149, 245n22, 245– 46n25; race riots (August 1968), 54; and racial discrimination, 30–32, 32, 51–52; veterans, 149, 245n24 air conditioning, 36, 189–91 Airport West, 175 air travel: Fort Lauderdale International Airport (FLIA), 36, 118, 177; Miami as ‘‘world city,’’ 112, 235n30; Miami International Airport (MIA), 36, 112, 118, 175, 197, 224n25, 235n30; and Mi- { 257 } ami’s economic transformation, 73–74 Aleman, José, Sr., 156 Alpha 66 (anti-Castro paramilitary organization ), 150 AméricaEconomı́a, 110 American Airlines Arena, 199 American Express Bank International, 134 American renaissance movement, 14–15 American War of Independence, 5 Andersen Consulting, 103 apparel industry, 90, 249–50n3 architecture: American renaissance movement and Deering’s Villa Vizcaya , 14–15; art deco, 35, 40, 50, 64, 166–67, 167; Mediterranean revival style, 26, 186–87; MiMo, 40, 50; Opa Locka’s Moorish style, 27–28; the skyline and ‘‘spectator architecture,’’ 198–99; subtropical modernism, 187– 89, 194; University of Miami, 186–90; urban design and public spaces, 186– 95, 197–99; West Grove’s Bahamianstyle houses, 148, 148. See also urban design and planning Army Corps of Engineers, 181–82 Arquitectonica (architecture firm), 198 Art Basel (art fair), 166–67 art deco architecture and deco district, 35, 40, 50, 64, 166–67, 167 assimilation levels, immigrants’: Cuban exile community, 157–58; and exile mind-set, 155–58, 160; Haitian exile community, 160; Miami-Los Angeles comparisons, 205 Atlantis condominiums, 198 Avalon (hotel), 35 Bacardi building, 198 Bahamian immigrants: Coconut Grove’s McFarlane subdivision, 31; Overtown, 16, 31; West Grove, 148 Bank of America, 83, 112 Bank of Miami, 83 bankruptcy crisis and the 1997 referendum on disincorporation, 125–27 banks, Miami’s: drug-trafficking funds/ capital, 81–83, 85–89, 134; Edge Act banks, 79–81, 134; flows of private capital from Latin America and Caribbean , 98; foreign acquisition of, 80; and foreign banks, 79, 80, 111–12; and local banks/correspondent banks of Latin America and the Caribbean , 112; Miami’s economic transformation and change in banking laws, 79–81; and organized crime, 82–83 Barry, Dave, 125, 178 Basie, Count, 52 Batista, Fulgencio, 46 Bayfront Park, 50 Bay of Pigs Monument, 150, 151 Bayside Market Place, 253n32 { 258 } i n d e x Beacon (hotel), 35 Becker, Boris, 170 Belafonte, Harry, 52 Bicentennial Park, 199 bilingualism, 102 Billig, Joshua, 2 Biltmore Hotel (Coral Gables), 26, 27 Biscayne Bay, 6–7; Cape Florida Lighthouse , 6–7, 8; Deering’s Villa Vizcaya , 14–15; Menendez’s mission, 4; Miami Circle site, 1; and sixteenthcentury Spanish explorers, 3–4 Biscayne Boulevard, 29, 50, 158 Biscayne National Park, 179, 226n11 Blakey, W. C., 25 Blanco, Griselda, 63–64 Botifoll, Luis, 78, 83 Bourdieu, Pierre, 237n13 Breakwater (hotel), 35 Brickell Avenue, 25, 168, 198 Brickell banking district, 175 Brigade 2506 (recruiting outfit for Bay of Pigs fighters), 150 Bril, Seno, 111–12 Broward, Napoleon Bonaparte, 18 Broward County: African American neighborhoods, 148–49; commuter patterns, 175, 250n4; corruption, 131; cultural differences from Miami-Dade County, 178; economic decentralization , 177; exile population, 141, 142, 150, 165, 244n12; Hispanics and nonHispanic whites, 65–66, 177–78; intraregional migration and MiamiDade County, 120, 174, 177–78, 206–7; local population, 142, 148– 49, 165; mobile populations, 141, 142, 164, 165, 168, 249n59; part-time resi- dents, 168, 249n59; population change and western expansion of the urban region, 180; population growth, 19, 28, 36, 51, 174, 177–78; urban planning challenges, 174 Broward County Sheriff’s Office, 131 Bryan, William Jennings, 25, 72 Buffalo Tiger (Miccosukee chief), 144 Burdines department store, 20 Bush, George H. W., 84 Bush, Jeb, 170 business leaders: business elite of the 1920s, 33; immigrants and refugees with entrepreneurial skills, 73, 92– 93, 100–102; and Miami’s economic transformation, 70–71, 91–93, 232n51; and transience, 119–20, 236...