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Abelard, Peter, 46–52 Abraham (biblical figure), 12–13, 31 abstinence and priests, 115, 119–22 Accolti, Francesco, 95 Adeodatus, mother of, 28–31, 210 Adret, Solomon ibn, 109 adultery: Abraham narrative and, 13; English common law vs. canon law, 75; Italian attitudes toward, 98–99; in Paris archdeaconry registers, 157, 159–61, 174; priests and, 149; separation for, 53 Adventius of Metz, 40 affidationes, 176, 178–79, 185, 255 n.51 affinity, 58, 60–61, 67, 114. See also incest rules Agnellus, Thomas, 121 Agnes of Meran, 60, 61–66 Airlie, Stuart, 41 Alexander III, 55, 66, 166 Alexius Comnenus, 81 “Alphabet of Tales,” 138 amasia, 137 ambiguity, 177–78, 181–82, 186–87 Ambrose of Milan, 27, 36 amica, 49, 78 ancilla, 12, 13–14, 135, 144, 192 anime, 83 Annals of St. Bertin (Hincmar), 40, 41 annulment, 53, 63–67. See also dissolution of marriage Antonia, 142–47, 210–11 Apologia for Master Matthew Zell (K. Zell), 127 aristocrats in cross-rank unions, 72–79. See also status differences, legal and social Armstrong-Partida, Michelle, 150 Asgerd, 106–7 Asher ben Yehiel, 110 Athenian law, 218 n.31 Auber, Jean, 175–76, 255 n.40 Augustine of Hippo: on Abraham, 13; citations of, 36; on divorce and remarriage, 26; mother of Adeodatus and, 28–31, 210 Augustus, 16 Avignon, Carole, 175, 176, 179, 182, 253 n.10, 255 n.59 Babylonian tradition, 12, 15, 217 n.28 Baldwin, John, 59–60 banns, calling of, 57, 167, 179 Barcelona, diocese of, 150 Barnes, Robert, 132 Barstow, Ann Llewellyn, 242 n.30 Bartolo de Sassoferrato, 97, 98, 144 Basset, Jean, 203–4 Beattie, Cordelia, 2, 178, 252 n.2 Beaufort family, 75 Benedictus de Benedictis, 97, 145 Benedictus Levita, 22, 36 Beneventa, 100–101, 211 Bensch, Stephen, 84, 85, 234 n.61 betrothal: calling of the banns, 57, 167, 179; clericalization of, 252 n.5; in Frankish society , 35, 36. See also stages of marriage Bible as source of tradition, 10–15, 80, 119–22 bigamy, 202–6, 260 n.154 Bishops’ sagas, 105 Blumenthal, Debra, 85–86, 87, 88–89, 98 bodies of women: carried away by demons, 140; cross-religious unions and concern over, 112; pollution, in purity narratives, 117, 120, 132; as sinful and dangerous, 124; suspicion and sexualization, 121–22 Book of the Knight of the Tower, 139 Bornstein, Daniel, 150–51 Boswell, John, 4, 8 Bradbury, Jim, 60, 66, 229 n.149 breach-of-promise claims (causa matrimonialis ), 180 I n d e x 272 Index Brennu-Njáls saga, 106, 238 n.155 Breviary of Alaric, 22–23 bride price and bridewealth: Babylonian, 217 n.28; in Germanic tradition, 19, 22, 23–24, 220 n.57; in Jewish tradition, 15. See also dowry bride service, 15 Brie, archdeaconry of, 162, 163, 204, 253 n.12 Bucer, Martin, 126, 244 n.49 Bynum, Caroline, 133 Byzantine empire, 81 Cadden, Joan, 53 Caesarius of Heisterbach, 111 Cairo Geniza, 109 Calamities, The (Abelard), 46, 49, 51 Calle, Richard, 56–57 canon law: consent theory and, 46; Gratian on godparents, 145; Gratian’s two-stage model of marriage, 54–55; jurisdiction and, 45, 96; Paris archdeaconry court records and, 166–72; persistence of Alexander III rules, 166; politics and, 58–67; on slave marriages, 81–82 “carnal knowledge after promises,” 184–85 “carnal knowledge” cases (Paris archdeaconry ), 156–59 castration, 50, 111 catasti (tax assessments), Florentine, 86, 98, 194 causa defloracionis et dotis, 180 causa matrimonialis, 180 Celestine III, Pope, 61 celibacy of priests. See priests, their partners, and clerical marriage ceremony. See ritual or public ceremony Charlemagne, 37–38 Charles the Bald, 37, 40 chastity of priests. See priests, their partners, and clerical marriage Chaucer, Geoffrey, 73 children: of concubines in Greek law, 218 n.31; cross-cultural marriage definition and, 3–4; in Icelandic law, 107; “natural” vs. “spurious,” 96–97, 143–46, 236 n.128; of priests, 122, 130, 140–42 children, legitimation and inheritance of: English common law, 75; in Hebrew Bible, 12; in Italy, 87–88, 92–94, 96–97, 98; Philip II Augustus and, 62; in Valencia, 88–89 children of slaves: in Bible, 12, 216 n.21; cost and abandonment of, 86; in Italy, status of, 87–90, 92–94, 96–97; in Roman society, 16; status following mother vs. father, 80 choice: failed marriage formation, 166; in fathering a child, 98; Italian slavery and, 99–100; not to marry, 71–72, 186, 211–12; slaves, coercion, and agency, 69...

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