Index
Index Abagha Khan, 140, 145, 229, 232 Abbasid caliphate, 24, 59, 120, 122 ‘Abd al-Karim Khan, 214–215, 251 Abhidharma, 156 Abraham, 2, 56, 98, 202, 281 n.27 Abrahamic traditions, 59, 60, 71, 233 Abu Dulaf, 68–69 Abu Sa‘id, 145 Achaemenid empire, 26 Adjina Tepe, 31 Afaqiyya, 224–226 Afghanistan, 7, 26, 32, 44, 45, 51, 97, 106, 121, 130, 273 n.66. See also Bamiyan; Herat; Kabul Africa, 32, 59, 242. See also Aksumite Agui, Grand Secretary, 249–250 Ahmad (Yuan minister), 238 Ahmad Khan (Tegüder), 144, 296 n.68 Ahmad, Nasr b., 118, 123 Ak Beshim, 31 Aksumite kingdom, 273 n.64 Alchi monastery, 306 n.184 Alexander romance, 128 Algebra, 61 ‘Ali, 173, 174, 202 Altan Khan, 206–207, 210–215, 217–218, 251 Altishahr, 215 Amulets, 104–115 Ananda, 233–234 Anatolia, 123 al-Andalusi, Abu’l-Qasim Qadi Sa‘id, 87 Aniconic art: and Buddhism, 76–79, and Islam, 124–125, 163–164 Arab conquest, 21, 23; in central Asia, 30, 45–47; and trade, 24–25; by treaty (s .ulh .), 49–50 Arab geographers, 51, 58 Aral Sea, 122 Arghun, 140, 144 Armenia, 140 Aryans, 4, 266 n.25 Asadi Tusi, 51–52 Asarism, 283 n.64 Asoka, 20 As .t .ān . gahr .dayasam . hitā, 61 Astronomy: Indian, 61, 102; and Kālacakratantra , 102–103; Muslim, 61, 102, 280 n.16 Atomism, 61 Axial Age, 14–18, 269 n.11 Babur, 176 Baghdad, 51, 56, 59, 66, 100, 120, 122; book trade, 61–62; Mongol destruction of, 116, 142–143, 238, 297 n.77 Baladhuri, 30, 49–50 Balkh, 60, 62, 72 al-Balkki, Shaqiq, 74 Baltistan, 177 Bamiyan, 4, 32, 44, 48, 66; Buddha statues, 5–6, 62–63 Banu Hashim, 21 Baraq Baba, 173 Barlam and Josephat, 73. See also Bilawar and Budasaf Barmakids, 59, 72; and Buddhism, 60–61 Battle of Qatwan, 126 Battle of Talas, 27, 53 Batu Khan, 185 Bay of Bengal, 43 Beijing, 162, 204, 206, 211, 212, 215–216, 233, 243 Bengal, 131 Berke Khan, 186 Besh-Baliq, 137 Bharuch/Barygaza, 27 Bhaumakara, 43 330 Index Bible, 23 Big Dipper, 158 Bilawar and Budasaf, 72–73. See also Barlam and Josephat al-Biruni, 51; and Buddhism, 84, 284 n.78; on conquest of India, 97; on Tibet, 92 al-Bistami, Abu Yazid, 72 Blockprinting, 104–115 Bodhgaya, 39 Bogle, George, 243 Book of the Dead (Tibetan), 182 Bosnia, 48, 197 Brahmaputra river, 130 British Raj, 2, 16, 243, 266 n.14, 276 n.110 Budasaf, 70, 71–73 Buddha, 11, 18, 20, 25, 52; Amitabha, 35, 37, 157, 260; biography of, 12–14, 72–73; chronology of, 269n. 9; historical context of, 14–18; Maitreya, 75–76; representation of, 18; statues of, 64, 67, 75, 76–79, 125– 126, 282 n.57 Buddhism: in central Asia, 31–32; decline in India, 278 n.135; doctrinal development, 13, 33–40; and economics, 12, 18, 20, 269 n. 8; and Hinduism, 80, 95–96; historiography of, 2–4, 266 n.12, 267 n.24; in India, 2–3, 129–131; in Iran, 140–142, 149, 173; and misogyny, 10, 268 n.3; and monasticism , 19, 20, 21, 25, 34, 63, 92; and Pala dynasty, 40; and prophecies of decline, 2, 76, 97–98, 195; representations of, 3–4, 9–11, 262, 268 n.2; and science, 267 n.20; in Sri Lanka, 268 n.7; and Sufism, 72, 89, 174–175; and thaumaturgy, 93, 287 n.112; in Tibet, 84–85, 216–225; and trade, 7, 11–12, 25–33, 35, 47, 53–54; and urbanization , 18–19; and vegetarianism, 161, 240, 303 n.146; and violence, 10, 268 n.4; in the West, 9–10, 268 n.1. See also Dharma; Nikaya Buddhism; Mahayana Buddhism; Tantric Buddhism Buddhist: art, 76, 76–79; cosmology, 75–76; ‘‘international,’’ 26, 53, 60; Mediterranean , 43, 84, 85, 95, 115; merchants, 12, 19, 25–33, 47, 53, 131; persecution of Muslims, 134–137; pilgrimage, 62–63; relic worship, 94; statues sent to Mecca, 67; theocracy, 215–216 Bügü Khan, 42 Bukhara, 123, 125, 224, 238, 247 Burma, 141 Buyantu, 194 Buyid dynasty, 120, 123 Byodoin Amitabha temple, 85 Byzantine empire, 24, 59, 123 Byzantine icons, 149, 163 Caliph Harun al-Rashid, 50, 56–58, 102, 119 Caliph Al-Mu‘tamid, 67 Caliph Uthman, 23 Caliphate, 12, 24, 49, 54, 58, 124; and central Asia, 50–51, 82–83; and Mongol conquest, 116, 142–143; and...
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