Notes
Notes Q . Cultural geographers have defined a core, domain, and sphere of a ‘‘Pennsylvania culture region’’ encompassing much of southeastern, south central, and central Pennsylvania, and reaching down into the Valley of Virginia. While this definition is a useful beginning for analysis, it relies on a limited number of criteria and does not capture the complexity of historical changes. See Joseph Glass, The Pennsylvania Culture Region: A View from the Barn (Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, ), especially the maps on pages –. . Philip E. Pendleton, Oley Valley Heritage: The Colonial Years (Birdsboro, Pa.: Pennsylvania German Society, ), –. Important works on Pennsylvania German history include A. G. Roeber, Palatines, Liberty, and Property: German Lutherans in Colonial British America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, ); Steven Nolt, Foreigners in Their Own Land: Pennsylvania Germans in the Early Republic (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, ); Aaron Fogleman, Hopeful Journeys: German Immigration, Settlement, and Political Culture in Colonial America, – (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, ); Marianne Wokeck, Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, ); Mark Hornberger, ‘‘Germans in Pennsylvania: , , : A Spatial Perspective,’’ Yearbook of German American Studies (): –. . Don Yoder, ‘‘Three Centuries of Pennsylvania German Identity Crisis,’’ in Frank Trommler and Joseph McVeigh, eds., America and the Germans, vol. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, ), . . David Weaver-Zercher, The Amish in the American Imagination (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, ), especially chap. . . Don Yoder, ‘‘Three Centuries of Pennsylvania German Identity Crisis,’’ ; James T. Lemon, ‘‘The Agricultural Practices of National Groups in Eighteenth-Century Southeastern Pennsylvania,’’ Geographical Review : (October, ): –. . Scott Swank, ‘‘The Germanic Fragment,’’ in Scott Swank, et al., eds., The Arts of the Pennsylvania Germans (New York: W. W. Norton, ). See also Stephanie Grauman Wolf, ‘‘Hyphenated America: The Creation of an Eighteenth-Century German-American Culture,’’ in Trommler and McVeigh, America and the Germans, . . Roeber, Palatines, Liberty, and Property; Nolt, Foreigners in Their Own Land; Gabrielle Lanier, The Delaware Valley in the Early Republic: Architecture, Landscape, and Regional Iden- – tity (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, ); Cynthia Falk, Architecture and Artifacts of the Pennsylvania Germans: Constructing Identity in Early America (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, ). Nolt’s interpretation was anticipated by Stephanie Grauman Wolf, who argued for an eighteenth-century ‘‘German-American’’ culture in Pennsylvania , and concluded that ‘‘whatever survived of the underlying culture of colonial Germantown became more ‘‘German’’ during the nineteenth century as a result of acceptance of the myth [of ‘‘Germanness’’] by both sides.’’ Stephanie Grauman Wolf, ‘‘Hyphenated America: The Creation of an Eighteenth-Century German-American Culture,’’ in Trommler and McVeigh, America and the Germans, . . Dell Upton, ‘‘Ethnicity, Authenticity, and Invented Traditions,’’ Historical Archaeology : (): . Anthropologist A. P. Cohen, in The Symbolic Construction of Community (London : Routledge, ), offers a summary of works approaching community not merely (or even) as structural (i.e. demographic, geographic, etc.), but rather symbolic, and reinforced through boundaries established by ritual and other cultural practices. See also Werner Sollors, ed., The Invention of Ethnicity (New York: Oxford University Press, ). . . Thomas Cooper, Some Information Respecting America (London: Printed for J. Johnson , ), , http://www.padutchcountry.com/ (accessed September , ). In recent years, tourists planning visits to rural southeastern Pennsylvania have been encouraged to embrace agritourism—vacations that blend travel with farm stays and agricultural learning experiences. Visitors can stay at a working farm bed and breakfast; those planning road trips will view ‘‘breathtakingly scenic farmlands’’ and will ‘‘pass by pastures of cows and look out your window to see farm equipment pulled by workhorses.’’ http://www.padutch country.com/ (accessed June , ). . David Walbert, Garden Spot: Lancaster County, the Old Order Amish, and the Selling of Rural America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, ), . See also the Pennsylvania Farm Vacation Association, Inc., http://www.pafarmstay.com/. . Walbert, Garden Spot, . . The discussion here of perceptions of Pennsylvania Germans as seen through contemporary travel accounts is summarized from Gabrielle M. Lanier, The Delaware Valley in the Early Republic: Architecture, Landscape, and Regional Identity (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, ), –; Rayner Wickersham Kelsey, Ph.D., ed., Cazenove Journal : A Record of the Journey of Theophile Cazenove through New Jersey and Pennsylvania (Haverford, Pa.: Pennsylvania History Press, ), ; Richard Parkinson, Tour in America in , , and (London: J. Harding, ), ; Kelsey, Cazenove Journal, , –. . Kelsey, Cazenove Journal, ; François-Alexandre-Frédéric, duc de La RochefoucauldLiancourt , Travels Through the United States of North America, the Country of the Iroquois, and Upper Canada, in the Years , , and , trans. H. Neuman (London: R. Phillips, ), ; Henry Bradshaw Fearon, Sketches of America (London: Strahan and Spottiswoode, ), –. . Thomas Anburey, Travels Through the...
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