INDEX
i n d e x Abramson, Marc, 131–32, 133, 167–68 nn. 10, 12 Adan. See Aden Aden, 108, 109, 114 Africa: Chinese contact with, 10, 13, 14, 91–93, 97–98; earliest Chinese mention of, 83, 84, 85–91; East, 58, 89, 91, 98, 103, 108, 121; eastern coastline of, 35, 69, 87–89, 93, 100–105, 117, 126, 130, 133; as homeland to blacks, 10, 69–70, 100, 108, 111–12, 128, 157 n.85; as Kunlun, 33; remoteness from China of, 14, 35, 45; as unrecognized continent, 100–103, 132; visitation by Zheng He of, 93, 97–103, 105, 108, 120–21, 133 Africans: characteristics of, 22, 56, 67, 91, 105–7, 112; East, 8, 99–100, 105, 107, 110, 133; first descriptions of, 22, 84–91; linguistic deficits of, 7–8, 56, 64, 76, 122; West, 100, 153 n.66, 167 nn. 6, 8 Americans: African, 7, 141 n.37; native, 13 Anamba Islands, 111, 163 n.69 Andaya, Leonard, 56, 66, 110–11, 128 Annam, 33, 111, 115–17, 118, 163 n.69 Aomen. See Macau (Macao) Arabs: Dashi, 159 n.6; Omani, 155 n.79; outposts in Africa of, 84; as purveyors of slaves, 6, 40, 57, 75, 85; residency in China of, 50, 59; as seamen, 150–51 n.33; Zanzibar named by, 69–70 Aristotle, 62, 74 Baghdad, 87, 159 n.7 Baichuan xuehai (Study Sea of a Hundred Streams), 146 n.4 Beachey, R. W., 109, 163 n.64 Beijing (Beiping), 99 Beiping. See Beijing Berbera, 84–87, 89–90, 159 n.7 bicheng (assistant director in the Palace Library), 46 biji (brush jottings), 146 n.4 Bipaluo. See Berbera Bianjing (Bianliang), 147 n.8 Bianliang. See Bianjing Biaoji, 163 n.69 Bieluo. See Weligama Birrell, Anne, 25 blackness: as constructed concept, 9, 14; deprecations in texts of, 37, 39, 56, 66, 106, 114, 156 n.80, 165 n.75; elasticity of, 9, 15–16, 131, 154 n.71; equation with enslavement of, 30, 37, 42; as lacuna, 91, 110; unimportance historically of, 23 blacks: Africans as, 7, 9, 26, 41–42, 100, 124, 133, 162 n.56; earliest presence in China of, 18, 19, 43; intimidation of Chinese by, 37, 39, 40, 41–42; Malays as, 9, 16, 19, 41–42, 66–67, 110–11, 112, 131; status in China of, 6, 10, 20, 56, 99, 125, 133 Bobali. See Berbera Bosa. See Malindi (Melinde) Bosi. See Persia (Iran) Borneo, 33 Brawa (also Barawa or Brava), 97, 103, 104, 105, 108, 122 Bulawaguo. See Brawa Burckhardt, Jacob, 75 Burns, Robert, 75 cai (or caiwu) (property), 74 Calicut (Kozhikode), 97, 99, 108 Cengba. See Zanzibar Cengqi (early phoneme for Zanzibar), 69, 70, 155 n.80 Cengyaoluo. See Zanzibar Ceylon. See Sri Lanka Chaffee, John, 36, 51, 59, 86, 152 n.47 188 index Champa, 16, 33, 66, 67, 97, 145 n.72, 154 n.71 Chams, 58, 154 n.71 Chang Hsing-lang. See Zhang Xinglang Changzhou, 46, 147 n.8 Chao Fu, 163–64 n.69 Chen Jiru, 146 n.4 Chen Zhensun, 35 cheng (aide), 147 n.8 China: awareness of Africa in, 83, 88–91, 93, 111, 118–21, 159 n.7; knowledge of Africans in, 24, 27, 30, 87; relations with Africa of, 83, 93, 122, 123–24, 130 Chinese: allure of Africa for, 36, 83–84, 86, 95; ascriptions of blackness by, 20, 37–38, 56, 68–69, 140 n.22, 156 n.80; enslavement of kunlun by, 21–22, 54–55, 75–77; familiarity with kunlun of, 3, 20, 31–32; kunlun relations with, 3, 6, 31, 93; perceptions of blacks of, 72–73; travel to Africa by, 89–91, 93, 97–103, 105, 108, 115, 120–21, 133 Chongning (reign period, 1102–7), 46, 49 Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Annals), 16 Chunqiu siji (Personal Record of the Spring and Autumn Annals), 46 Chunqiu waiji (Outer Record of the Spring and Autumn Annals), 46 Clunas, Craig, 121 Confucius. See Kongzi Cosmas (Indicopleustes, Indian Navigator), 69, 156 n.81 cula (giraffe), 85–86, 98 cuoji (pinching together of the hair), 165 n.75 Da Ming (Great Ming), 125, 166 n.92 Dafoling. See Varella, Cape Daliang, 147 n.6 Daqin. See Baghdad Dashi (Arab), 58, 156 nn. 80, 83, 159 n.6 Daoyi zhilue (Annals of Island Barbarians), 89 Dawson, Raymond, 42, 61, 152 n.55 Delgado, Cape, 70, 156 n.82 Di (northern barbarians), 16, 63, 153 n.62 Dikötter, Frank, 15, 16...
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