Index
Index Abella, Rosalie, 437 Abi-Saab, George, 89 "abolitionist" approach (to prostitution), 552 aboriginal peoples (Canada), 444-45,454 abortion: in Canada, 459n.40; forced, 20, 517-18, 556;in Latin America, 260; in Nigeria, 316;incomplete, 524;need for safe, 516; as woman's risk, 71, 522-23. See also feticide; reproductive rights access to legal services: third world, 344, 353, women, 29, 30, 245-46, 317,376, 483,526-27 accountability: vs. legal responsibility, 228, 229. See also state(s):accountability of, for actions by private individuals; state: responsibility of, for actions of officials of acquiescence concept, 141 action: and rights discourse, 60-62, 6768 actioper quod, 449—50 Additional Protocols (to Geneva Conventions ), 546,567n.131 admissibility criteria (forcomplaints), 197-98,205,219 adoption, 378,382,385-86,477 adoption theory, 28, 360,362, 367 adultery: as divorce grounds, 383, 387, 49In.79; gender discrimination concerning , 103,260,383,387,538; Pakistan's criminalization of, 481; penalties for, 55, 395n.42 affirmation action: domestic courts' difficulties with, 365-66; and Nigerianconstitution , 315; tension between nondiscrimination and,41, 47-48, 66-68, 235, 290,293-94, 310-11, 315-16, 365-67, 377,437,438,439, 518, 533, 535, 538-41, 545-49, 556;Women's Convention on, 236, 365-67 Afghanistan, 76, 550, 564n.65 Africa: constitutions in, 27, 300,314-17, 320-21; relations between nations of, 509, 514n.57; rights discourse in, 4-5, 307-25, 422-23; women's legal rights in, 304,431, 433. See also African Charter ; structural adjustment programs; names of specific African countries and issues African-Americans, 61—62 African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies, 510 African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: background of, 285;binding obligations of, 290-91; complaintprocedures of, 199;enforcement mechanisms of, 314-17, 503,505,509;equal treatment provisions of, 10, 27,290, 293-94, 413,499;ICJ's role in, 343;individuals ' duties in, 294,296-97, 305n.l5; possible uses of, 502-11; and property rights, 17-18, 251,495-514; ratifiers of, 15, 500-501; rights covered by, 307,313;standards of, 285-86, 302; on traditional values, 286,291-92, 297, 313, 503-4; use of, to challenge Islamic personal law, 16,413-15, 419; and women's human rights, 285-306, 312-15, 321, 346.See also African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 608 Index African Commission on Human and Peoples ' Rights (an organ of the African Charter), 18; and African Charter provisions , 503; appointment of women to, 344; and CEDAW, 27,301-2; complaint procedures for, 302,303,415,504-5; weaknesses of, 504-9,512,415; and women's human rights, 286,301-3,346 African Court of Human Rights: need for, 505 agricultural work: public vs. private sphere not applicable to, 69; subordination of workers involved in, 332; wages for subsistance, 66; women involved in, in Africa, 14, 301, 402, 405, 425, 428, 431,435,440, in India, 376, in Sri Lanka, 48, 55, in Sudan, 402,405 Aguda,Judge, 296, 297 AIDWA (Indian women's group), 395n.58 Algeria, 564n.65 Algiers Declaration of the Rights of Peoples , 158 aliens, 85, 86,96-97, 102, 109-10, 508 All India Women's Conference, 381 American Convention on Human Rights: applicability of, 28; Brazilianviolations of, 105-6; complaint procedures of, 195, 197, 198,199, 265-66; andde facto discrimination, 271—74; nondiscrimination in, 10;parties to, 28In.24; as part of Inter-American human rights system, 263-69,274; protocols to, 264; on states' responsibility for private actions , 101-2,105,140-41,231,238 American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, 199, 263, 264, 266, 268, 269,274,282n.28 American Law Institute, 361 Americas Watch, 72-73, 561n.35. See also Human RightsWatch amid curiae briefs, 213-14 Amissah,Justice, 296 Amnesty International: effectivenessof, 217, 327; philosophy of, 327-28; programs of, 340; on rape, 341, 543, 545; on torture, 121, 122,124,137, 543 An-Na'im, Abdullahi Ahmed, 8-9, 159, 167-88 annual reports, 273, 274, 368-69,413, 505, 506, 511-12, 559n.2; alternative, 510. Seealso reporting requirements Antigua, 281n.24 Antrobus, Peggy, 62 apartheid, 372n.34 apprenticeship programs, 235-36 arbitrary arrest, 44, 206 Arendt, Hannah, 128 Argentina, 262,281n.24, 282n.41, 328 Aristotle, 442-43 Asia: lack of regional human rights treaty in, 199,466,484. Seealso South Asia; names of specific Asiancountries "asking the woman question," 242—43 Association pour...
OR
