The Ethics of Witnessing: The Holocaust in Polish Writers' Diaries from Warsaw, 1939-1945

Index

193 Abramowski, Edward, 46, 49–50, 51 aesthetics, 42, 72, 81 altruism, 81–88, 99–100; definitions, 87 Andrzejewski, Jerzy: “Holy Week,” 41–42, 111, 171n2 anti-Semitism, Polish, 177n35; as damaging Polish nation, 46–47, 55–57, 133–35, 166; literary, 32, 79–80; prewar, 6, 9; publications, 53–54; szmalcowniki (Polish blackmailers), 64, 110; at universities, 46–47, 55–56; Żydek, 79 Armed Poland, 141 autonomy, 81–84, 99–100 Bashkirtseff, Marie, 13 Benda, Julien, 80–81 Bildung, 12, 14, 17, 27, 78, 89 Błoński, Jan, 5–6, 10 Blum, Lawrence A., 87 Blumenfeldowa, Stanisława, 59–62 Boener, Peter, 12 Borkowska, Grażyna, 48 Camus, Albert, 18 Catholic Church, 6 Christian self-identity: effects of Jewish genocide on, 6–8, 22, 151–54 Cohen, Stanley, 79 Da ˛browska, Maria, 3, 10 attitudes toward Jews, 176n17; biases, 20, 45, 47–48, 172n26; criticism of antiSemitism at universities, 46–47, 55–56; during communist regime, 66–70; Jewish doctors, 57–58; personal relationships with Jews, 59–62; ressentiment, 55, 65, 66–70; silences about atrocities, 3, 48, 65 life events: birth, 45; marriage, 46; voluntary service in WWI, 51 nationalism of, 8–9, 45–70, 48–49, 50; attachment to Polish countryside, 45–46, 52; ethical implications, 49–55; idealization of peasant, 52; influence of socialism, 46; Poland as model of universal friendship, 10; Polish underground work, 65; positivism, 52; privileging of Polish experience, 9, 59; romantic ideology of Polish destiny, 45, 49, 51, 62–66 relationships, 46; Abramowski, 46, 49–50, 51; Blumenfeldowa, 59–62; marriage, 46, 49; Stempowski, 46, 58 social activism, 46, 48–49; moral authority, 46, 55; moral revolution, 50 works: Adventures of a Thinking Person, 61; “Annual Shame,” 46, 55–56; Diaries, 12, 47–48; Life and Work of Edward Abramowski, 50; Night and Days, 46; “Welcome to War and Freedom, A,” 50 writing life: diary keeping habits, 12; reviews, 117–18, 135–36; translations of Pepys, 13 Da ˛browski, Marian, 46, 49 death: death as heroic vs. death as ordinary, 94–96; split of “dead and dead,” 116 Dehlen, Maria, 136 deportations of 1942, 108, 149 diary: history of diary keeping, 12–14; compared to novel, 16, 92–93; definitions of diary, 78; influence of Holocaust on, 14; Romantic ideas, 12; self-education, 12 Drewnowski, Tadeusz, 47, 48 Drobniak, Piotr, 26 empathy, 15–23; breakdown of, 23, 88–92, 97–100, 106–7; definitions, 16–17; what would I have done?, 97–98; “you as another I,” 16, 21 Endecja (right-wing political movement), 11, 46, 53–55, 58, 138, 144 Engelking-Boni, Barbara, 4 index 194 index Enlightenment, legacy of, 4, 14, 78, 90, 91; empathy, 15–23; fellowship, 15; Holocaust influence on, 21, 92; human sameness, 15; novels, 15–16; universalism, 103; “you as another I,” 16, 21 Estreicher, Karol, 32 ethics: aesthetics linked with ethics, 72, 81; breakdown of empathy, 23, 88–92, 97– 100, 97–100, 106, 107; circumstance and meaning, 72, 81, 97–100; ideology and suffering, 69–70; meaning of survival, 98–100; rescuer-victim relationship, 82–100; social responsibility of writer, 103, 180n12 ethnicity, concept of, 172n14 European intellectualism, 10, 17, 18–19, 27 European Weltanschauung. See European intellectualism Filarets, 49 Final Solution. See Holocaust Finder, Gabriel, 4–5 Fołtyniak, Anna, 115 Friendlander, Saul, 167 Gajcy, Tadeusz, 32 Gestapo, 106–7, 108, 144 Ghetto liquidation, 8, 93–100, 105–16, 145, 149–50, 171n2, 176n17 Ghetto Uprising (1943), 3, 5, 39, 68, 79, 93–94, 145; Krasińskich Square, 5, 7, 39, 79, 110 Gide, André, 13, 18, 91–92 Girard, Alain, 12 Grodzisko, Poland, 145, 148 Gross, Jan, 48 Handelsman, Marceli, 136, 144, 181n7, 182n19 happiness, 81–84, 85, 87, 100 Hare, R. M., 87 Hatley, James, 167–68 Hertz, Pawel, 3, 171n1 historiography: Kraków school, 36–37, 52; Warsaw school, 36–37, 52 Hoffman, Martin, 79 Holocaust, 9, 14, 17, 20–21, 133, 167–70, 171n6; effect on humanism, 34–42; normalization, 79; universal signification, 61 humanism, 3–4, 9–11, 15–23, 26–44; restoration of humanism, 117–31. See also Enlightenment, legacy of Hunt, Lynn, 15 Iwaszkiewicz, Anna, 31, 33–34, 174n1 Iwaszkiewicz, Jarosław, 3, 10, 62 attitude toward Jews, 20–21; biases, 32–33; empathy, 31–32; moral failure of Polish society, 31–32, 41; reaction to Ghetto Uprising (1943), 3, 7, 8, 39, 41–42; rescuing Jews, 25, 40–42, 174n1 humanism: early, 26–28; growth of, 28–34; Holocaust effects, 34–42; return...