The Nature of Trauma in American Novels

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northwestern university press evanston, illinois The Natureof Trauma in American Novels michelle balaev Northwestern University Press www.nupress.northwestern.edu Copyright © 2012 by Northwestern University Press. Published 2012. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Balaev, Michelle. The nature of trauma in American novels / Michelle Balaev. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-8101-2819-4 (cloth : alk. paper)—isbn 978-0-8101-2820-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. American fiction—History and criticism. 2. Psychic trauma in literature. 3. Memory in literature. 4. Landscapes in literature. I. Title. ps374.p69b35 2012 813'.5409353—dc23 2011041634 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1992. Dedicated to Misha ...