Grasses: Bromus to Paspalum, Second Edition

Appendix: Additions and Changes to the First Edition

APPENDIX: ADDITIONS AND CHANGES TO THE FIRST EDITION Since the publication ofthe first edition of Grasses: Bromus to Paspalum in 1972, several additions to the grass flora of Illinois have been made, and many new distributional records have been added. Also, a large number of nomenclatural revisions have taken place, resulting in several alterations in scientific names. All of the changes are reflected in the entries below. There has also been considerable revision ofthe placement of various genera into tribes. This text will reflect those changes. The classification of grasses proposed by Haeckel (1887) was used by most American botanists until the early 197os. In that classification system, grasses are divided into two subfamilies, the Festucoideae and the Panicoideae, with each subfamily consisting of a number of tribes. With much new knowledge derived from detailed studies of anatomy, morphology, cytology, embryology, and phytochemistry, new classification systems are emerging. The classification system proposed by Clayton and Renvoize (1986) is essentially followed in this work. Clayton and Renvoize recognize six subfamilies of grasses and forty tribes. All Illinois genera are listed below, with their tribal status according to Haeckel's system in the middle column and the tribal status now recognized in this work in the third column. Aegilops Hordeae Triticeae Agropyron Hordeae Triticeae Agrostis Agrostideae Aveneae Aira Aveneae Aveneae Alopecurus Agrostideae Aveneae Ammophila Agrostideae Aveneae Andropogon Andropogoneae Andropogoneae Anthoxanthum Phalarideae Aveneae Apera Agrostideae Aveneae Aristida Agrostideae Aristideae Arrhenatherum Aveneae Aveneae Arthraxon Andropogoneae Andropogoneae Arundinaria Bambuseae Bambuseae Arundo Festuceae Arundineae Avena Aveneae Aveneae Beckmannia Chlorideae Aveneae 315 316 / APPENDIX Bothriochloa Andropogoneae Andropogoneae Bouteloua Chlorideae Cynodonteae Brachyelytrum Agrostideae Brachyelytreae Briza Festuceae Poeae Bromus Festuceae Bromeae Buchloe Chlorideae Cynodonteae Calamagrostis Agrostideae Aveneae Calamovilfa Agrostideae Eragrostideae Cenchrus Paniceae Paniceae Chasmanthium Festuceae Centotheceae Chloris Chlorideae Cynodonteae Cinna Agrostideae Aveneae Crypsis Agrostideae Eragrostideae Cynodon Chlorideae Cynodonteae Dactylis Festuceae Poeae Dactyloctenium Chlorideae Eragrostideae Danthonia Aveneae Arundineae Deschampsia Aveneae Aveneae Diarrhena Festuceae Diarrheneae Dichanthelium Paniceae Paniceae Digitaria Paniceae Paniceae Distichlis Festuceae Eragrostideae Echinochloa Paniceae Paniceae Eleusine Chlorideae Eragrostideae Elyhordeum Hordeae Triticeae Elymus Hordeae Triticeae Elytrigia Hordeae Triticeae Eragrostis Festuceae Eragrostideae Erianthus Andropogoneae Andropogoneae Eriochloa Paniceae Paniceae Festuca Festuceae Poeae Glyceria Festuceae Meliceae Gymnopogon Chlorideae Cynodonteae Heterostipa Agrostideae Stipeae Hierochloe Phalarideae Aveneae Holcus Aveneae Aveneae Hordeum Hordeae Triticeae Koeleria Aveneae Aveneae Leersia Oryzeae Oryzeae Leptochloa Chlorideae Eragrostideae Leptoloma Paniceae Paniceae Additions and Changes to the First Edition / 317 Leymus Hordeae Triticeae Lolium Hordeae Triticeae Melica Festuceae Meliceae Microstegium Andropogoneae Andropogoneae Milium Agrostideae Aveneae Miscanthus Andropogoneae Andropogoneae Muhlenbergia Agrostideae Eragrostideae Nassella Agrostideae Stipeae Oryza Oryzeae Oryzeae Oryzopsis Agrostideae Stipeae Panicum Paniceae Paniceae Paspalum Paniceae Paniceae Pennisetum Paniceae Paniceae Phalaris Phalarideae Aveneae Phleum Agrostideae Aveneae Phragmites Festuceae Arundineae Poa Festuceae Poeae Puccinellia Festuceae Poeae Redfieldia Festuceae Eragrostideae Schedonnardus Chlorideae Cynodonteae Schizachne Festuceae Meliceae Schizachyrium Andropogoneae Andropogoneae Sclerochloa Festuceae Poeae Secale Hordeae Triticeae Setaria Paniceae Paniceae Sorghastrum Andropogoneae Andropogoneae Sorghum Andropogoneae Andropogoneae Spartina Chlorideae Cynodonteae Sphenopholis Aveneae Aveneae Sporobolus Agrostideae Eragrostideae Torreyochloa Festuceae Poeae Trichachne Paniceae Paniceae Tridens Festuceae Eragrostideae Triplasis Festuceae Eragrostideae Tripsacum Maydeae Andropogoneae Triticum Hordeae Triticeae Urochloa Paniceae Paniceae Vulpia Festuceae Poeae Zea Maydeae Andropogoneae Zizania Zizanieae Oryzeae Zizaniopsis Zizanieae Oryzeae 31S / APPENDIX KEY TO THE ADDITIONAL GRASSES IN ILLINOIS 1. Plants enonnous, the culms 3-6 m tall; blades to 70 mm broad; inflorescence to 60 cm long__________________________ ...Arundo donax 1. Plants smaller, the culms at most 3 m tall; blades to 40 mm broad, usually much narrower; inflorescence to 40 cm long, usually much shorter (except in Pennisetum alopecuroides). 2. Culms prostrate or sprawling, not erect or ascending. 3. Spikelets bearing 3-4 perfect florets, borne on one side of rachiL __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Sclerochloa dura 3. Spikelets bearing 1 perfect floret; spikelets not borne on one side of rachis. 4. Awn present on spikelet. 5. Spikelet consisting of one fertile and one sterile floret; leaves pubescenL _____________________ ...Arthraxon hispidus 5. Spikelet consisting of one fertile floret; leaves glabrouL ____ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ __ _ __ _______ _ _ _ ...Alopecurus geniculatus 4. Awn absent. 6. Blades and sheaths gray-velvety_____ ...Dichanthelium auburne 6. Blades and sheaths neither gray nor velvety___ ...zoysiajaponica 2. Culms erect or ascending, not entirely prostrate or sprawling. 7. Vinelike stolons at base of plant up to 3 m long____________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _...