Flowering Plants: Basswoods to Spurges

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SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY PRESS SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY PRESS Edited by ROBERT H. MOHLENBROCK ADVISORY BOARD Constantine J. Alexopoulos, University of Texas Gerald W. Prescott, University of Montana Aaron J. Sharp, University of Tennessee Robert F. Thorne, Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Gardens Rolla M. Tryon, Jr., The Gray Herbarium This first attempt by any botanists in the country to produce a work which covers the whole range of plant groups will give keys, descriptions, distribution maps, comments, and illustrations of every kind of plant known to occur in this state. While various states have floras for certain groups of plants (ferns, or flowering plants, or mosses, etc.), they generally are not illustrated, or lack descriptions, or are incomplete in some other way. “These books are excellent and should be invaluable to teachers and serious students of botany.” —The Explorer Southern Illinois University Press 1915 University Press Drive Mail Code 6806 Carbondale, IL 62901 www.siu.edu/~siupress Printed in the United States of America ,!7IA8A9-dbacfi! ISBN 0-8093-1025-2 ISBN 978-0-8093-1025-8 This is the fourth volume devoted to dicotyledons, or dicot plants. Dicots are the greatest group of flowering plants, exceeding the monocotyledons, or monocots. Dicots produce a pair of seed leaves during germination, while monocots produce only a single seed leaf. Five volumes have been published on monocots, covering such plants as grasses, sedges, lilies, orchids, irises, aroids, and pondweeds. The dicots include such plant groups as roses, mustards, mints, nightshades, milkweeds, asters, and pinks. The three previously published volumes on dicots treated hollies to loasas, willows to mustards, and magnolias to pitcher plants. Although there are many classification systems, Mohlenbrock has chosen to identify the flowering plants according to the classification system proposed by Robert Thorne in outline form in 1968. He has, however, departed from Thorne’s system in a few instances, but he follows Thorne in using the standard suffix—aceae—for all families. Thus, the Cruciferae becomes the Brassicaceae, the Gutti-ferae becomes the Hypericaceae, the Leguminosae becomes the Fabaceae, the Umbelliferae becomes the Apiaceae, the Labiatae becomes the Lamiaceae, the Compositae becomes the Asteraceae, and the Gramineae becomes the Poaceae. This volume contains four orders and ten families of dicots. The orders included are Malvales, Urticales, Rhamnales, and Euphorbiales. Within the Malvales are the families Tiliaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Malvaceae. The families Ulmaceae, Moraceae, and Urticaceae comprise the Urticales. The Rhamnaceae and Elaeagnaceae make up the Rhamnales. Only the Thymelaeaceae and the Euphorbiaceae are included in the Euphorbiales. The nomenclature for the species and lesser taxa used in this volume has been arrived at after lengthy study of recent floras and monographs. Synonyms, with complete author citation, that have applied to species in the northeastern United States are given under each species. A description, while not necessarily intended to be complete, covers the more important features of the species. The common name, or names, is the one used locally in Illinois. The habitat designation is not always the habitat throughout the range of the species, but only in Illinois. The overall range for each species is given from the northeastern to the northwestern extremities, south to the southwestern limit, then east to the southeastern limit. The range has been compiled from various sources, including examination of herbarium material and some field studies. A general statement is given concerning the range of each species in Illinois. Dot maps showing county distribution for each taxon are provided. Each dot represents a voucher specimen deposited in some herbarium. There has been no attempt to locate each dot with reference to the actual locality within each county. Each species is illustrated, showing the habitat as well as some of the distinguishing features. These detailed illustrations were provided by Mark Mohlenbrock. Robert H. Mohlenbrock, one of the most prolific writers of contemporary plant scientists, is professor of botany at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale and general editor of the Illustrated Flora of Illinois series. Among his many publications are 25 books, of which, Flowering Plants: Hollies to Loasas (1978) was the first volume to be devoted to the dicots in this series, and over 200 articles in technical journals and popular magazines. He is coauthor with Douglas M. Ladd of Distribution of Illinois Vascular Plants and with John W. Voight of A Flora of Southern Illinois and Plant Communities of Southern Illinois. Basswoods to Spurges.indd 1 10/30/07 2:33:22 PM ...