Notes
117 Notes Introduction: Spencer Bonsall’s Life and Times to 1863 1. James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 20. 2. John W. Jordan, Colonial and Revolutionary Families of Pennsylvania (1911; reprint, Genealogical Pub. Co., 1978), 1348. 3. Ibid., 1345. 4. Ibid., 1348. 5. National Archives, Military Service Records for Spencer Bonsall. This is not to be confused with the so-called “California Regiment” (actually the71st Pennsylvania Infantry). See William F. Fox, Regimental Losses in the American Civil War, 1861–1865 (1898; reprinted, Dayton, Ohio: Morningside Bookshop, 1985), 278. 6. See letters to Lawrence Reynolds and “Shipping Slip” dated August 23, 1957, in the “Civil War Journal of Spencer Bonsall,” Reynolds Historical Library, University of Alabama at Birmingham. 7. There are indications that the documents were not acquired at one time (see n32). There is a Schuman letter describing “32 closely and clearly written pages in ink. . . . From December 4–16, 1862 (1–8), and from January 6, 1863 (1–24), with 2 envelopes addressed to the writer’s mother [sic], Mrs. Ellen C. Bonsall, 1430 Pine Street, Philadelphia.” Schuman is incorrect in identifying the addressee as Bonsall’s “mother”; a careful reading of the materials reveals Mrs. Ellen C. Bonsall to be the writer’s wife. 8. Joseph Janvier Woodward, The Hospital Steward’s Manual (1862; facsimile reprint, San Francisco: Jeremy Norman, 1991), 20–21. 9. Although viewed from today’s perspective Hammond’s order can be considered warranted and progressive, his colleagues believed it to be rash and an unfair indictment of their professional practice. For details see Michael A. Flannery, “Trouble in Paradise: A Brief Review of Therapeutic Contention in America, 1790–1864,” Pharmacy in History 41 (1999): 153–63. 10. The Medical and Surgical History of the Civil War, 12 vols. (Wilmington , NC: Broadfoot Pub. Co., 1990), 3:257. This is a reprint of the classic work commissioned by Surgeon General Joseph K. Barnes as The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, 3 vols., 6 pts. (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1870–1888). Because the Broadfoot facsimile gives a straight volume numbering instead of the original’s somewhat convoluted volume/part arrangement, it is recommended strongly to the researcher in Civil War medicine. In addition, the reprint includes a comprehensive index keyed to its own simplified volume numbers. 11. Woodward, Hospital Steward’s Manual, 273–74. 12. George Worthington Adams, Doctors in Blue:The Medical History of the Union Army in the Civil War (1952; reprinted, Baton Rouge: Louisiana StateUniversity Press, 1996), 160. 13. Woodward, 278. 14. Ibid., 279. 15. For a complete description see ibid., 25–28. 16. Ibid., 13. 17. Military pay figures from John N. Henry, Turn Them Out To Die Like A Mule: The Civil War Letters of Hospital Steward John N. Henry, 49th New York, 1861–1865, edited by John Michael Priest (Leesburg, VA: Gauley Mount Press, 1995), 159. 18. Civilian pay figures from Daniel E. Sutherland, The Expansion of Everyday Life, 1860–1876 (New York: Harper & Row, 1990), 134–77. 19. Woodward, 43. 20. The Medical and Surgical History of the Civil War, 12:907. 21. The Medical and Surgical History of the Civil War, 2:148. 22. Michael A. Flannery, Civil War Pharmacy: A History of Drugs, Drug Supply and Provision, and Therapeutics for the Union and Confederacy (New York: Pharmaceutical Products Press, 2004), 20. 23. Henry, Turn Them Out, 159. 24. George Winston Smith, Medicines for the Union Army: The United States Army Laboratories During the Civil War (Madison, WI: American Institute of the History of Pharmacy, 1962), 9–10. 25. Anthony Gross, The Wit and Wisdom of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Barnes & Noble, 1992), 163. 26. Stephen W. Sears, To the Gates of Richmond: The Peninsula Campaign (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992). 27. Quoted in James Ford Rhodes, History of the United States, 1850– 1877, 7 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1907), 4:24. For more on the Battle of Fair Oaks (referred to by the South as the Battle of Seven Pines), see Sears, To the Gates of Richmond, 111–45. 28. Total killed was 1,203 for the Union, 1,132 for the Confederacy. Sears, 144. notes to pages 4–10 118 29. McPherson, 488. 30. James M. McPherson, What They Fought For, 1861–1865 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994), 6–7. 31. Quoted in McPherson, What They Fought For, 3. McPherson’s dismissal of Marshall’s Men Against Fire (1947) is no...
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