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159 C H R O N O L O G Y 1801 Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi publishes How Gertrude Teaches Her Children. 1823 First normal school in America is established in Concord, Vermont. 1861 William Mayo is born. 1862 First Morrill Act establishes land-grant colleges. 1865 Civil War ends. 1866 Freedmen’s Aid Society is founded by members of the Methodist Episcopal Church to establish black schools and colleges. 1869 Harvard President Charles Eliot insists, in Atlantic Monthly article , on maintaining split between liberal arts colleges and professional , technical, and normal schools. 1871 Texas A&M University is established by legislature; classes begin in 1876. 1872 First black college in Texas, Paul Quinn, is founded by the African Methodist Episcopal Church. 1872 Adams Sherman Hill is appointed to Harvard. 1873 Harvard introduces freshman entrance exam in composition; Wiley College is founded by the Methodist Episcopal Church. 1876 Central Normal College is founded in Lagoda, Indiana, and moved to Danville in 1878. 1878 Hill publishes Principles of Rhetoric. 1881 University of Texas is established by legislature; classes begin in 1883. 160 Chronology 1883 Mayo graduates from Central Normal College. 1884 Barrett Wendell introduces “daily themes” at Harvard. 1885 Harvard moves sophomore composition course, English A, to freshman year, initiating establishment of freshman composition nationwide. 1889 Texas State Grange proposes establishment of public women’s college; Texas women’s organizations take up campaign. Mayo founds East Texas Normal College in Cooper; moves school to Commerce in 1894. 1890 General Federation of Women’s Clubs is formed. 1892 First Report of the Committee on Composition and Rhetoric is produced at Harvard University. 1897 Texas Federation of Women’s Clubs is formed. 1898 Melvin Tolson is born. 1899 School of Oratory is founded at UT; English department eliminates argumentation from rhetoric and composition courses. 1901 Texas Woman’s University is established by Texas legislature; classes begin in 1903. 1903 W. E. B. Du Bois publishes The Souls of Black Folk. 1906 Daedalian literary magazine is founded at TWU. 1911 National Council of Teachers of English is formed. 1912 NCTE begins publishing English Journal. University of Texas begins offering home economics courses. 1917 Mayo dies; East Texas Normal College is transferred to the state. 1918 William Kilpatrick publishes The Project Method. Texas women win right to vote in primaries; Annie Webb Blanton is elected State Superintendent of Schools. 1920 Nineteenth Amendment grants suffrage to women. 1921 UT opens all School of Oratory courses to women. 1922 Southern Association of Colleges for Women is formed. 1923 Tolson graduates from Lincoln University and begins teaching at Wiley College. 1924 Tolson establishes debate team at Wiley. Chronology 161 1930 Wiley participates in first interracial collegiate debate; Henrietta Bell, a female debater, is part of the team. 1933 Carter G. Woodson publishes The Mis-Education of the Negro. 1935 Wiley College debate team defeats national champions, the University of Southern California. 1943 UT allows women to compete in intercollegiate debate. 1947 Tolson leaves Wiley College. 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka leads to desegregation of public schools. 1963 Texas A&M University is opened to women on a limited basis; school is opened completely to women in 1971. 1966 Tolson dies. ...

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