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319 Glossary acaulescent. Seemingly without aerial stems. achene. A type of one-seeded, dry, indehiscent fruit with the seed coat not attached to the mature ovary wall. acicular. Needlelike. actinomorphic. Having radial symmetry; regular, in reference to in a flower. acuminate. Gradually tapering to a point. acute. Sharp, ending in a point. adnate. Fusion of dissimilar parts. alternate. Referring to the condition of structures arising singly along an axis; opposed to opposite. anastomosing. Forming a network of crossveins . androphore. A stalk beneath a staminate flower. annual. Living for a single year. anther. The terminal part of a stamen which bears pollen. anthesis. Flowering time. antrorse. Projecting forward. apical. Relating to the apex or tip. apically. At the apex. apiculate. Abruptly short-pointed at the tip. apiculus. A short-pointed tip. appressed. Lying flat against the surface. arching. Moderately curving. areola (pl. areolae). A small area between leaf veins. areole. A small area formed by the interlocking of veins. arillate. A small, spongy protuberance of some seeds. aristate. Bearing an awn. aristulate. Short-awned. asymmetrical. Of different shape on the two sides. attenuate. Gradually becoming narrowed. auricle. An earlike process. auriculate. Bearing an earlike process. awn. A bristle usually terminating a structure. axil. The angle between the base of a structure and the axis from which it arises. axillary. Borne from an axil. axis. The central support to which lateral parts are attached. basal. Confined to the lowest part. beak. A terminal projection. berry. A type of fruit where the seeds are surrounded only by fleshy material. bicostate. Having two veins. bidentate. Having two teeth. bifid. Two-cleft. bilobed. Bearing two lobes. bipinnate. Twice divided. biseriate. In two rows or series. bisexual. Referring to a flower which contains both stamens and pistils. bivalved. With two valves, or coverings. blade. The green, flat, expanded part of the leaf. bract. An accessory structure at the base of many flowers, usually appearing leaflike. bracteole. A secondary bract. bristle. A stiff hair or hairlike growth; a seta. bulb. An underground, vertical stem with both scaly and fleshy leaves. bulblet. A small bulb. bulbous. Bearing a swollen base. calcareous. Referring to an alkaline condition. callosity. Any hardened thickening. callus. A hard swollen area at the outside base of a lemma or palea. calyx. The outermost ring of structures of a flower, composed of sepals. campanulate. Bell-shaped. canescent. Grayish-hairy. capillary. Threadlike. capitate. Forming a head. capsule. A dry, dehiscent fruit composed of more than one carpel. carinate. Bearing a keel. carpel. A simple pistil, or one member of a compound pistil. cartilaginous. Firm but flexible. 320 / G L O S S A RY carunculate. Referring to a spongy outgrowth of some seeds. caudate. With a tail-like appendage. caudex (pl. caudices). The woody base of a perennial plant. caulescent. Having an aerial stem. cauline. Belonging to a stem. cavernous. Hollowed out. cespitose. Growing in tufts. chaffy. Covered with scales. chartaceous. Papery. cilia. Marginal hairs. ciliate. Bearing cilia. ciliolate. Bearing small cilia. clasping. Referring to a leaf whose base encircles the stem. claw. A narrow, basal stalk, particularly of a petal. compressed. Flattened. compound. Said of a structure which is divided into distinct units. concave. Curved on the inner surface; opposed to convex. conduplicate. Folded together lengthwise. connate. Union of like parts. connective. That portion of the stamen between the two anther halves. connivent. Coming in contact; converging. contiguous. Adjoining. convex. Rounded on the outer surface; opposite of concave. convolute. Rolled length wise. cordate. Heart-shaped. coriaceous. Leathery. corm. An underground, vertical stem with scaly leaves, differing from a bulb by lacking fleshy leaves. corolla. The ring of structures of a flower just within the calyx, composed of petals. corymb. A type of inflorescence where the pedicellate flowers are arranged along an elongated axis but with the flowers all attaining about the same height. costate. Veiny. creeping. Spreading on the surface of the ground. crenate. With round teeth. crenulate. With small, round teeth. crested. Bearing a ridge. crispate. Referring to a leaf whose margins are wavy and crinkled. crisped. Curled. cross-striae. Markings perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. cucullate. Hood-shaped. culm. The stem which terminates in an inflorescence. cuneate. Wedge-shaped or tapering at the base. cuspidate. Terminating in a very short point. cyme. A type of broad and flattened inflorescence in which the central flowers bloom first. cymose. Bearing a cyme. deciduous. Falling away. decumbent. Lying flat, but with the tip ascending. deflexed. Turned downward. dehiscent. Splitting at maturity. deltoid. Triangular. dentate. With sharp...

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