Index
Index Aaron, Edward, 88 Abdullah, Shariff, 252 Abernathy, Ralph David, 10, 217 Affirmative action: President Johnson's statement on, 212-13; in local government employment, 248, 249; white objections to, 248-49; black objections to, 249; federal court decisions on, 249;opposed by Reagan administration, 249; support in cities for, 249 Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), 26 Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS), 200 Alabama: censorship in, 87; decline in private school enrollment, 266 Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights |ACMHR), 126 Alabama, University of, 115-16 Albany, Ga., 130-32 Alexander, Kelly, Sr., 227 Alexander v. Holmes County Boardof Education (1969), 257 Alexander, Will, 21 Allen, Ivan, Jr., 192-93 Almond, f. Lindsay, 67 Anderson, Don, 202 Angelou, Maya, 6, 10 Anniston, Ala., 12$ Arkansas, 106-107 Arnall, Ellis, 49, 71 Arrington, Richard, 228, 229, 236 Askew, Reubin, 179, 259-60 Atlanta, Ga.: black political power in, in 19305, 46; school expenditures, 55; school desegregation, 113, 114; role of business leaders, 113, 133; preparations for desegregation, 113-14; transformation of politics, 177-78; urban renewal, 182; suburban opposition to, 186; lynching in, 211; decline of black business district, 205; as good place for blacks, 22O; segregated schools in, in 1960$, 257;white flight from public schools, 260-61; resegregation of public schools, 260 Augusta, Ga., 204 Austin, Tex., 46 Aycock, Dr. E. Kenneth, 203 Ayers, H. Brandt, 209 Baker, Ella, 123 Baker, Wilson, 162, 167 Barnett, Ross: ties to White Citizens' Council, 82; attempts to block desegregation of University of Mississippi , 114; attends Medgar Evers Homecoming, 273 Barry, Marion, 123 Batson, Colin, 245 Beaumont, Tex., 36 Berry, Chuck, 147 Bevel, James, 140 Bilbo, Theodore G. (D-Miss.), 34, 73 Bingham, Stephen Mitchell, 158 Birmingham, Ala.: SCHW meeting in 1937, p. 29; school expenditures, 55; reputation for violence, 126; Freedom Rides, 126; change in government structure, 135; demonstrations in, 135, 139, 140; Ku Klux Klan in, 140; black retaliation in, 140-41; desegregation accord, 140-41; decline of black business district, 205; importance of local civil rights organizations, 217; and commemoration of civil rights demonstrations , 272-73 Birmingham, Dave, 47, 93, 94 Black church: role of, 10, 89-90; dependence on white community, 90; new generation of leadership in 1950$, 105 Black elected officials: access to federal funds, 176; geography of, 176; increase in number of, 176, 228; and improved services in black neighborhoods, 176, 181, 230; in Black Belt, 182-183, *3°31 ; black disillusionment with, 191, 192, 193-94; limits of, 191-92, 193, 206, 255; an d growth of black government bureaucracy, 219-20; backgrounds of, 228; and affirmative action, 229, 250; and coalition politics, 22930 ; changes in priorities of, 236.See also Black political power Black middle class: during segregation 313 314 Index era, 58; political differences from other blacks, 189; importance of government bureaucrats in, 219-20; advance of, in 19708, 22o; estrangement of, from underclass , 221-22, 254-55; targeted by Republicans, 235, 242; advanceof, in 19805, 244; precarious nature of, 250; suggestions for underclass, 254 Black Panthers, 224 Black, Patti Carr, 274 Black political power: helps white liberals , 178-80; in state legislatures, 179; in congressional delegations, 180; and neighborhood groups, 182; in Black Belt, 182-83, 230-31; white resistance to, 184-87, 193; urban-rural differences , 188, 192; divisions in, 189, 19091 ; revival of "Manhattan coalition," 228-29; in statewide contests, 230, 231; cultural influences on, 232-33, 275; sophistication of, 233,235,236, 237; and Voting Rights Act extension, 1982, pp. 233-34; and Judge Bork's nomination, 234; black majority does not ensure black victory, 240-41 "Black Power," 223-24 Black schools: positive aspects of, 10-11; disparities in public spending for, 5556 ; preparation of students and teachers , 56; curriculum of, 56-57; negative aspects of, 57-58; higher education, 58-59; neighborhood-based independent school systems, 253. See alsoEducation ; School desegregation Blair, Lewis Harvie, 57 Bluethenthal, Joan, 259 Bond, Julian: elected to Georgia legislature , 179; on voter registration tour, 183; and other black elected officials, 192; on white liberals, 194; on "Black Power," 224 Boswell Amendment, 64 Boutwell, Albert, 135 Boynton, Amelia and Samuel, 118 Braden, Anne, 13-14, 21 Brady, Tom, 75-76 Breaux, John (D-La.), 234 Briggs, Harry: challenges inequalities in public education, 60; persecution of, 72; on attitudes of black youths, 256 Briggs v. Elliott (1954), 60-61 Brookshire, Stanford, 133 Brown, Tony, 264 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas: U.S. Supreme Court decision, 61-62; initial reaction to, 75-77...
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