The Contest for the Delaware Valley: Allegiance, Identity, and Empire in the Seventeenth Century

Notes

217 NOTES introduction 1. Thomas Holland to the Earl of Salisbury, October 30, 1609, in Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Most Honourable the Marquess of Salisbury . . . Part XXI (1609–1612), ed. G. Dyfnallt Owen (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1970), 152. 2. Henry Hudson’s journal of his second voyage, in Samuel Purchas, ed., Haklvytvs Posthumus , or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes (London: H. Fetherston, 1625), 3:570, 578. 3. John Meredith Read, A Historical Inquiry Concerning Henry Hudson, His Friends, Relatives and Early Life, His Connection with the Muscovy Company and Discovery of Delaware Bay (Albany: Joel Munsell, 1866), 29. 4. Robert Juet’s journal, in Purchas, Haklvytvs Posthumus, 3:581. 5. Juet’s journal, in Purchas, Haklvytvs Posthumus, 3:590. 6. Holland to the Earl of Salisbury, October 30, 1609, in Owen, Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Most Honourable the Marquess of Salisbury, 152. 7. See Emanuel van Meteren, Emanuels van Meteren historie der Neder-landscher ende haerder na-buren oorlogen ende geschiedenissen, tot den iare M.VI.c XII (In s’Graven-Haghe: Hillebrant Iacobssz, 1614), 628d. 8. For Hudson’s final voyage, see Peter C. Mancall, Fatal Journey: The Final Expedition of Henry Hudson—A Tale of Mutiny and Murder in the Arctic (New York: Basic Books, 2009). 9. Thomas A. Janvier, Henry Hudson: A Brief Statement of His Aims and Achievements (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1909), 140. 10. Henry Hudson’s journal of his second voyage, in Purchas, Haklvytvs Posthumus, 3:575. 11. The phrase in the quote comes from the oath made by the mutineers before seizing Hudson, as reported in Abacuk Pricket’s account of the fourth voyage, in Purchas, Haklvytvs Posthumus, 3:603. 12. Sir Edward Coke, “Postnati. Calvins case,” in The Reports of Sir Edward Coke Knight (London, 1658), 587. 218 noteS to pAgeS 4–6 13. Philip Ford, A Vindication of William Penn, Proprietary of Pennsilvania, from the late Aspersions spread abroad on purpose to Defame him (London: Printed for Benjamin Clark, 1683), 2. 14. Israel Acrelius, Beskrifning om de Swenska Församlingars Forna och Närwarande Tilst ånd, uti det så kallade Nya Swerige, Sedan Nya Nederland . . . (Stockholm: Harberg & Hesselberg , 1759), 118. See also Acrelius, A History of New Sweden; or, The Settlements on the River Delaware , trans. William M. Reynolds (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1874), 111. 15. Ford, Vindication of William Penn (1683), 2. 16. Richard S. Dunn and Mary Maples Dunn, eds., The Papers of William Penn (Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982), 2:337–38. 17. See the short biographies of the signers, in Dunn and Dunn, Papers of William Penn, 2:338. 18. Roughly in order of their first attempted claim, they included New Netherland, Virginia, New Sweden, New Haven, New Albion, Maryland, New Amstel, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania . 19. For an analysis of national identity in Britain’s American colonies, see Jack P. Greene, “Empire and Identity from the Glorious Revolution to the American Revolution,” in The Oxford History of the British Empire, vol. 2: The Eighteenth Century, ed. P. J. Marshall (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 208–30. For studies of English or British identity in the early modern era, see esp. Richard Helgerson, Forms of Nationhood: The Elizabethan Writing of England (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992); Colin Kidd, British Identities before Nationalism: Ethnicity and Nationhood in the Atlantic World, 1600–1800 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999); and Linda Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707–1837, 2d ed. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009). For Dutch and Scandinavian examples, see Willem Frijhoff and Marijke Spies, 1650: Bevochten Eendracht (The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, 1999); and Harald Gustafsson, “The Eighth Argument: Identity, Ethnicity, and Political Culture in Sixteenth-Century Scandinavia ,” Scandinavian Journal of History 27.2 (2002): 91–113. 20. On medieval understandings of kingdoms and nations, see esp. Susan Reynolds, Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe, 900–1300, 2d ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 250–54. 21. John Minsheu, Hegemon eis tas glossas. id est, Ductor in Linguas, The Guide into Tongues (London: William Stansby and Melchisidec Bradwood, 1617), 324, 102, 356. 22. Eric Hobsbawm comes to different conclusions in his wider-ranging analysis of the term nation in Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 14–18. 23. See Elizabeth Mancke, “Empire and State,” in The British Atlantic World, 1500–1800, ed. David Armitage and Michael J. Braddick (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), 175–95. On the application of...