Notes
119 Notes INTRODUCTION 1. Neil McKendrick, John Brewer, and J. H. Plumb, The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England (Bloomington, 1982). 2.ColinJonesandRebeccaSpang, “Sans-culottes,SansCafé,SansTabac:ShiftingRealms of Necessity and Luxury in Eighteenth-Century France,” inConsumers and Luxury: Consumer Culture in Europe, 1650–1850, ed. Maxine Berg and Helen Clifford (Manchester, 1999), 37–62. Jones and Spang survey and rely on a growing literature that addresses problems with the earlier work of Labrousse and Braudel, specifically in their analyses of institutional factors that supposedly limited French economic development. Here Jones and Spang are influenced by David Weir’s article “Les crises économiques et les origines de la Révolution fran- çaise,” Annales: Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations 46 (1991). See also François Crouzet, “England and France in the Eighteenth-Century: A Comparative Analysis of Two Economic Growths,” in The Causes of the Industrial Revolution in England, ed. R. M. Hartwell (London, 1967), and Michael Sonenscher, Work and Wages: Natural Law, Politics, and the EighteenthCentury French Trades (Cambridge, 1989). Jones and Sprang also base their more positive assessment of the French economy in the later eighteenth century on recent studies of rising consumption. In addition, see Colin Jones, The Great Nation: France from Louis XV to Napoleon(London,2003),349–63;DanielRoche,ThePeopleofParis:AnEssayinPopularCulture in the Eighteenth Century (Los Angeles, 1987); Daniel Roche, The Culture of Clothing: Dress and Fashion in the Ancien Régime (Cambridge, 1994); Annik Pardailhé-Galabrun, The Birth of Intimacy: Private and Domestic Life in Early Modern Paris (London, 1991); and Cissie Fairchilds , “The Production and Marketing of Populuxe Goods in Eighteenth-Century Paris,” in ConsumptionandtheWorldofGoods,ed.JohnBrewerandRoyPorter(London,1993),228–48. 3. David Parker, Class and State in Ancien Régime France: The Road to Modernity? (London , 1996). 4.JamesB.Collins,Classes,Estates,andOrderinEarlyModernBrittany (Cambridge,1994). 5. A notable exception to this is the beautifully detailed work by Michel Figeac, La douceur des Lumières: Noblesse et art de vivre en Guyenne au XVIIIe siècle (Paris, 2001). 6. Roche, Culture of Clothing; Daniel Roche, A History of Everyday Things: The Birth of Consumption in France, 1600–1800 (Cambridge, 2000); Roche, People of Paris. 120 Notes to Pages 5–12 7. Pardailhé-Galabrun, 3–4, 7. 8. Pardailhé-Galabrun, 5. 9. Pardailhé-Galabrun, 6. 10. For discussions of the advantages of qualitative rather than quantitative analysis of inventories, see John Styles, “Product Innovation in Early Modern London,” Past and Present 168 (2000): 126, and Margaret Ponsonby, Stories from Home: English Domestic Interiors, 1750–1850 (Aldershot, 2007), 6–7. CHAPTER ONE 1. Material in this chapter appears in Donna Bohanan, Crown and Nobility in Early Modern France (London, 2001), chap. 4, and Donna Bohanan, “Color Schemes and Decorative Tastes in the Nobles Houses of Old Regime Dauphiné,” in Furnishing the Eighteenth Century: What Furniture Can Tell Us about the European and American Past, ed. Dena Goodman and Kathryn Norberg (New York, 2007), chap. 7. 2. Some of the material in this chapter appears in Bohanan, Crown and Nobility, chap. 1. 3. Ellery Schalk, From Valor to Pedigree: Ideas of Nobility in France in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Princeton, 1986), 65–74. 4. Schalk. 5. Arlette Jouanna, Le devoir de révolte: La noblesse française et ka gestation de l’état moderne (1559–1661) (Paris, 1989), 192–8, 208–10. 6. Norbert Elias, The Court Society (New York, 1983), 95–103; Kristen B. Neuschel, Word of Honor: Interpreting Noble Culture in Sixteenth-Century France (Ithaca, 1989), 76–77. 7. Roger Chartier, ed., A History of Private Life (Cambridge, MA, 1989), 3:163. 8. Jacques Revel, “The Uses of Civility,” in Chartier, 3:192. 9. Maurice Magendie, La politesse mondaine et les théories de l’honnêteté, en France, au XVIIe siècle, de 1600 à 1660 (Paris, 1925), 1:387. 10. Michael Moriarity, Taste and Ideology in Seventeenth-Century France (Cambridge, 1988), 190. 11. Moriarity, 85. 12. Moriarity, chap. 4; Jean-Louis Flandrin, “Distinction through Taste,” in Chartier, 3:305. 13. Saint-Evremond, The works of Monsieur de St. Evremond, made English from the French original: with the Life of the author; by Mr. des Maizeaux, . . . To which are added the memoirs of the Dutchess of Mazarin, &c., 2nd ed., corrected and enlarged (London, 1728), 3:357. English Short Title Catalogue. Eighteenth Century Collections Online, Gale Group, galenet.galegroup .com/servlet/ECCO. 14. Saint-Evremond, 3:357. 15. Flandrin, “Distinction through Taste,” 292–94. 16. Flandrin, “Distinction through Taste, 298...
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