Beleaguered Winchester: A Virginia Community at War, 1861--1865

Index

363 Index Abercrombie, John Joseph, 53 Abolitionism, xiii–xiv, 1–3, 5, 29, 61, 66, 112, 189. See also Slavery Adams, George Washington, 227 Adolphus, Philip, 104 African Americans: in Confederate army, 69; and Confederate control of Winchester, 125; and Emancipation Proclamation, 139–40; employment of, 257; in Federal army, 68–69, 140, 189; and Federal occupation of Winchester, 67, 111–12, 186; Federal soldiers and black women, 49–50, 67; and Federal withdrawal from Winchester , 95, 101–2, 106; and intelligence for Federal army, 106, 218, 232; and miscegenation , 67, 149; and wounded soldiers’ care, 225. See also Slavery Agriculture: Banks’s policy on, 69–70, 146; capital for, in postwar period, 256; and Confederate army, 28, 128, 197, 199–200, 202, 210, 212; and drought, 202; and fruit industry, 258; impact of war on, 25, 28, 32, 58, 69–70, 118–19, 127, 251; labor for, in postwar period, 257; market for South’s agricultural products, 9; Milroy’s policy on, 146; in postwar period, 251, 256, 257; Sheridan’s destruction of crops, 209, 210–12, 215–16, 245, 247; and Sheridan’s occupation of Winchester, 227; statistics on crop production , 272n2 Alabama regiments, 21; 5th, 216; 12th, 200, 211 Albin, Alexander, 80 Alcohol, 38, 39, 55–56, 84–85, 132, 141, 162, 165, 171, 193, 201 Aldis, A. O., 258 Alexander, B. S., 236 Alexander, Herbert, 238 Alexander, John H., 174, 175, 176 Alexander, W. D., 176 Allen, Mrs. Arthur, 144–45 Allen, C. H., 241 Allen, James W., 98 Allen, Ujanirtus, 130 Andrews, Matthew Page, 14 Andrews, William, 81 Antietam campaign, 126, 127, 128, 135 Apperson, John Samuel, 28, 29, 38, 40, 47, 128, 130 Appomattox Court House, 248–49, 251 Arrests: Banks’s, of civilians, 59–60; of civilians (1863–1864), 181–84; Sheridan’s, of civilians, 231–32, 235–37, 239–40, 246; of Unionists, 45, 81–82, 164, 181–83; White’s, of civilians, 120–21 Ash, Stephen V., xvii, 7, 32, 51–52, 61, 64, 81, 140, 176, 178, 257 Ashby, Patricia B., 254 Ashby, Turner, xiv, 44, 46, 48, 52, 73, 81–83, 91, 93–94, 107, 261, 262, 295n14 Atlanta, Ga., 223 Averell, Williams, 171–72, 196, 197, 199, 218 Avery, James Henry, 197–98 Avirett, James Battle, 93 B&O. See Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Bailey, Jamison, 235 Baker, I. Norval, xiii–xiv, 179, 214, 253 Baker, James C., 158 Baldwin, Cornelia L., 267 Baldwin, Portia, 117 Baldwin, R. H., 167 Baldwin, Mrs. Robert, 143, 152, 162 Baldwin, Robert T., 76, 81–82, 152, 162, 267 Baldwin, Stewart, 83–84, 120 Ball, A. M., 133 index 364 Baltimore, 19, 51, 62, 78, 103, 144, 245, 246, 256; newspapers in, 74, 78, 100, 109, 110, 222, 226 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, x, 15, 70, 153, 155, 156, 174, 175, 179, 187, 208, 237, 238, 248, 256 Banks, Nathaniel P.: on alcohol, 55–56; and arrests of civilians, 59–60; and arrests of Unionists, 82; career of, 51; as commander in Baltimore, 51, 62; on deserters from Confederate army, 79; discipline of Federal soldiers by, 55–57; Federal occupation of Winchester by, xvii–xviii, 51–72, 82–89, 109–11, 117, 134, 135–36, 147, 152; on food supply, 70; and horses, 69–70; intelligence for, 41–42, 45; Jackson on plans of, 39; and Jackson’s failure to retake Winchester, 73–79; and Jackson’s Shenandoah Valley campaign, 91–95, 106–7; and protection of private property, 53–55, 57, 59, 85–86; quarters of, in Winchester, 60; and railroads, 70, 72; and security precautions, 82–87; and slavery, 61; spring campaign of (1862), 41–43, 46–47; on surrender of Winchester , 49; withdrawal of, from Winchester, 91, 95–102, 294–95n10 Barclay, Alexander Tedford “Ted,” 38–39, 103, 106 Barley, Peter, 56 Barnhart, James H., 278n110 Barritt, Charles M., 223 Barton, Bolling W., 68 Barton, D. W., 88, 89 Barton, David, 21, 120, 127, 146 Barton, Joseph, 246 Barton, Randolph, 264–65 Barton, Robert, xvii, 34, 68, 95, 200, 219, 251, 253–54 Barton, Thomas, 33 Barton family, 68, 221–22 Bartow, Francis Stebbins, 22 Batchelder, N. W., 79 Bates, Edward, 13 Baylor, George, 125 Beach, William H., 136, 149 Beauregard, P. G. T., 30, 81 Bechtol, Aaron, 183 Bell, John, 5–8, 35, 69 Bell, Mrs. John N., 245 Benjamin, Judah P., 36, 37, 173 Bennette, J., 199 Beringer, Richard E., xiv Berkeley, Henry Robinson, 163 Berkey, Jonathan M., xi–xii, xv, xvi, 53, 68, 183 Berryville, Va., 132, 133...