Native Diasporas: Indigenous Identities and Settler Colonialism in the Americas

Index

Index adoption, 153, 159, 188, 213 African Americans, 11, 13, 210, 215, , 285, 290, 299, 303–5, 319 Africans, 3, 11–13; in the Caribbean, 110, 112, 121–38; and intermarriage, 172, 174, 290; and migrations, 34. See also African Americans; Indian slavery; “Maroon Negroes ”; Middle Passage; slavery agriculture, 33, 48–49, 239, 253–56, 327, 454; and Christian missionaries, 170; and Dawes Act, 280; and plantations, 17; and reservations, 360; and subsistence, 193 Alabama, 187, 210, 215–17, 219–23, 226– 27, 475 altepetl, 35–40, 44, 47, 60, 62, 65 Algonquian–Iroquois Wars, 82, 90, 92 Algonquians, 80, 82, 88–89, 92–93 All Indian Pueblo Council, 445–46 allotment, 173, 254, 275, 298–99, 301, 303, 308, 358, 361–62 American Indian Defense Association, 287 American Indian Movement (aim), 8–9, 462, 483, 485, 490 Americanization, 480. See also assimilation American Revolution, 98, 114, 134, 166, 175, 176, 191, 212 American settlements, 152–53, 187, 275, 278 Americas, mainland, ix, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 15, 17, 31, 32, 34, 81, 137, 154. See also United States Andes, 31 Anishinaabeg, 81–93, 95, 97, 98, 300, 303 Arapahos, 285, 430–31, 440, 478 Argentina, 31 Articles of Agreement (1874), 251 assimilation, 318, 391, 430, 479, 491; and British policy, 118; cultural, 273, 377, 452; and Progressivism, 277–83, 285, 287, 292; and racial mixing, 297–311; and United States policy, 318, 350–54, 373–74, 418–19; and wage labor, 320, 326, 328, 334 Association on American Indian Affairs (aaia), 444, 451–57, 464 Aztecs, 34–35 Banderas, Juan, 255–56 Baptists, 211, 423 Black Caribs, 14, 109–41. See also Garifuna “blood,” 11–12, 488–89; and “blood law,” 2; and “blood quantum,” 354, 358, 386, 418; and identity, 14, 123, 290–91, 304–9, 486, 491–92; and kinship, 97, 123; race mixture, 11, 174, 177, 281, 289, 290–91, 297–301, 484–85, 486, 488–89, 491–92 blood quantum, 14, 300, 303, 354, 358, 386, 418, 486 Blue Eagle, Acee, 4, 411–37 boarding school movement, 276, 420 boarding schools, 10, 285, 298, 358, 413, 420, 477; and Christianity, 283, 285, 298, 364; as a form of cultural genocide, 474; erasing Native languages, 377; Western worldview of, 354 Board of Indian Commissioners, 278 Boas, Franz, 280 borderlands, 12, 235–65 Bosque Redondo, 239–66 Boudinot, Elias, 1–2, 13, 18, 223 Brothertown, 151–78. See also Eeyawquittoowauconnuck , New Stockbridge Brothertown movement, 151–78 British colonialism, 109–41, 151–78 Brunias, Agostino, 127–29, 130, 136–37 Bureau of Indian Affairs (bia), 368–70, 378; and labor, 326–27; and mixed-race people, 308–10; Native opposition to, 9–10, 482, 483; and New Deal policies, 449–50, 452, 481; 504 index Bureau of Indian Affairs (bia) (cont.) relocation program of, 483; suppressing Native culture, 283. See also Office of Indian Affairs Burke Act, 275 cabecera, 37–39, 53–54, 63 cabildo, 37, 39, 40–41, 46, 50, 55–56, 59– 60, 64 Cabot, John, 152 Cajeme, 255–56 Calhoun, John C., 216 Caribbean, ix, 3, 6, 7, 15, 17, 39, 109–41 Caribs, 109–41. See also Black Caribs Carlisle Indian Industrial School, 290 cartography, 36, 61 Cass, Lewis, 222 Catawbas, 13, 154, 156 Cayugas, 156–57, 449 Ceded Islands, 109, 116–18. See also Dominica ; Grenada; St. Vincent; Tobago Chamorros, 396–99, 405–6 Champlain, Samuel de, 90–91 Chatoyer, Joseph, 118, 127–29, 133, 139–40 Cherokee Constitution, 212–13, 215 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831), 446 Cherokee Phoenix, 218, 223 Cherokees, 4, 18, 290–91, 428–30, 446, 458; and colonial warfare, 156; and diplomacy, 209–10, 215–27; and identity, ix, 1–2, 15, 476; and land, 14; and literacy, 215–19; Nativist movements of, 190; population of, 277; and race, 213; and social change, 13. See also Cherokee Constitution Cheyennes, 425, 430–31, 477–78, 489 Chickahominy, 305 Chickasaws, 201, 210, 212–13, 215–16, 219– 21, 223, 225, 303–5 Chinooks, 322 Chippewas, 102–3, 300–302, 309 Choctaws, 210–15, 283, 430; diplomacy of, 14; and freedmen, 304; and race, 190, 304; and Redstick War, 193; and U.S. expansion, 221–26. See also Mississippi Choctaws Christianity, 16, 54–59, 152, 157–60, 163, 168, 283 churches: Baptists, 211, 413, 423; Catholics, 116–17; Methodism, 115, 125, 211; Protestantism , 157–59, 353, 387 citizenship, 225, 308, 355–59, 482; and allotment , 275; and assimilationist policies, 351–52; and Cherokees, 218–19; dual, 355, 367–71...