Railroad Radicals in Cold War Mexico: Gender, Class, and Memory

Index

Index Acción Cívica Nacional, 48–49 Acción Social Ferrocarrilera, 89–90 Acosta, Guadalupe, 72, 88, 186 Alegre, Robert, interviews Narciso Nava, 164, 165, 166, 211 Alemán Railroad Rehabilitation Plan, 42 Alemán Valdés, Miguel: and anticommunism , 4, 11, 49, 91; Cold War policies of, 54–55; connects industrialization to the revolution, 40; deploys dfs agents, 91; and Díaz de León’s takeover of stfrm, 58; expands Article 145 of Federal Penal Code, 91; founds dfs, 20; industrialization programs of and workers, 13, 41; nationalism and industrialization policies of, 10–11; policies of and labor, 2; and railroad improvements , 39; railway industry and economic development plan of, 42; and statelabor corporatist relations, 9, 216; and U.S. Railway Mission, 44 Alianza de Ferrocarrileros Católicos, 146 Allende, Salvador, 219 Alonso, Antonio, 13–14, 139, 216 Amorós, Roberto: compared to Mendéz, 167; and fnm images of company benevolence, 115; and negotiations of 1958, 132, 138–39, 167–68; and strikes of 1958, 125; underestimates railway radicals, 120; and Vallejo, 133, 138–39; and wage-increase demands, 113, 117; and work-stoppage threats, 121 anticommunism: of the Alemán administration , 49, 91; of anti-vallejistas, 160; of Ávila Camacho administration, 39, 49; and democratic union movement, 103; employed against labor movement, 48; of postwar press, 143; of workers, 143–44; of working-class activists, 159–60 Anticommunist Popular Front of Mexico, 55 anti-imperialism, 48, 55 Arbenz, Jacobo, 195 Arellano, José, 107 Article 145 of Federal Penal Code (“social dissolution”): addressed in student protests , 150; enactment and effects of, 90– 91; students’ call for abolishment of, 224; Vallejo and dissidents indicted under, 200– 201; and Vallejo’s defense in court, 202–4 Aroche Parra, Miguel, 191, 206 Ávila Camacho, Manuel: and anticommunism , 39, 49; connects industrialization to revolution, 40; efforts to unify the country by, 40–41; policies of and labor, 2; and state-labor corporatist relations, 9, 10, 216; and transfer of railway industry to fnm, 39; railroad improvement plan of, 39; revises federal labor code, 39 Batista, Fulgencio, 176 Benítez Nápoles, Reinaldo, 192 Benitez Vallejo, Lilia: background of, 65; joins independent railway movement, 66; as “memory entrepreneur,” 17; as organizer against incarcerations, 197–98, 200; and Vallejo, 134, 196, 197 268 Index Beteta, Ramón, 53 Bortz, Jeffrey, 49, 67, 215 Bracero Program, 42 Broissin Uribe, Juan, 72 Buenavista train station, 133 bullfighters, 131–32 buo (Bloque Unidad Obrera), 159 Caballero Zaraté, Enrique, 206 Calles, Plutarco Elías, 34 Campa, Valentín: advocates nationalization of railroads, 51; anti-imperialism of, 48; arrest of, 55; called communist by detractors , 130; career background of, 46–47; and Colín Padilla, 95; compared to Vallejo , 182; denies links between Soviets and Vallejo, 204; and dfs agents, 95–96; and Díaz de León, 61; efforts of to bring Marxism to rank and file, 93; encourages squatting on fnm land, 90; and February 1959 strike, 171; and grassroots organizing for wage increase, 112; on housing concessions , 173; imprisoned for stealing stfrm funds, 57; on March 1959 strikes, 190–91; and memory of the movement’s failure, 210–13; in Military Camp I, 187; and pocm, 93; and postwar plans for wealth redistribution , 52; and pp, 159; pushes for general strike, 181–82; and Railroad Workers Union for Struggle, 96; and rift with Vallejo, 183; significance of to independent union movement, 182–83; and underground movement to overthrow charros, 94; on wage-increase campaign, 119–20 cantinas, as sexualized spaces, 81–82, 84–85 Cárdenas, Lázaro: admiration of for railway movement, 103; and anticommunist attacks on dissidents, 130; communist accusations against, 48–49; and ctm, 36; on Cuban Revolution, 176; and fnm, 215–16; gives stfrm administration of railroad industry, 9, 37; land and labor policies of, 2; moves to the right, 38; nationalizes railroads, 37; and pcm, 37; and state-labor corporatist relations , 9; state-labor relations under, 36–38 Carr, Barry, 37, 54–55 Carranza, Venustiano, 30 Castro, Fidel, 176, 177, 192 Catholic Church, 48 Catholicism, 165 cedif (Centro de Documentación e Investigaci ón Ferroviarias), 22 Cedilla, Luciano, 98, 99 charrazo (1948), 18–19 “El Charro.” See Díaz de León, Jesús charros: and confrontations between strike breakers and vallejistas, 160; debate over wages in 1959, 153; defined, 58; and demands for wage hikes, 66–67; increases wages at local level, 116–17; and independent stfrm, 146; and López Mateos, 105–6; and...