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Notes
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- Additional Information
1. Reluctance 1. Polenberg, War and Society, 4. 2. Wilkins, “Non-Ethnic Roots,” 208–9; Cherny, “Isolationist Voting,” 294; Smuckler, “Region of Isolationism,” 398, 400; Billington, “Origins”; Strout, American Image, 203–5; Cummings, “Examination.” 3. Smuckler, “Region of Isolationism,” 391–92, 396–97, 400–401. 4. Ambrose, Rise to Globalism, 11. 5. Bismarck (nd) Tribune, January 17, 1939; Rapid City (sd) Daily Journal, May 11, 1939; “National Affairs,” 16. 6. Salina (ks) Journal, August 30, 31, 1939. 7. Rapid City (sd) Daily Journal, September 3, 1939; Amarillo Globe, September 4, 1939; Abilene (tx) News, September 10, 1939; Salina (ks) Journal, September 4, 1939. 8. Bismarck (nd) Tribune, September 11, 12, November 8, 1939; Kearney (ne) Daily Hub, October 3, 6, 1939; Abilene (tx) News, September 14, 1939; Salina (ks) Journal, October 9, 1939. 9. Rapid City (sd) Daily Journal, September 21, 1939; Salina (ks) Journal, October 16, 1939; Addis F. Sweet to Elmer Thomas, July 20, 1940, folder 2, box 42, Legislative Series, Elmer Thomas Collection, Carl Albert Center, University of Oklahoma (hereafter cited as cac). 10. Bula Swartz to Elmer Thomas, September 19, 1939, folder 2, box 42, Legislative Series, Elmer Thomas Collection, cac; Strout, American Image, 203; Gallup and Robinson, “Surveys, 1935–38,” 387–89; Jacob, “Influences of World Events,” 48; “Gallup and Fortune Polls” (June 1940), 360. Martin Dies (d-tx) chaired the House Committee to Investigate Un-American Activities. 11. “Fortune Survey,” 79; Roy Sloan to Elmer Thomas, September 22, 1939, folder 1, box 43, and Kittie C. Sturdevant to Elmer Thomas, September 22, 1939, folder 2, box 42, Legislative Series, Elmer Thomas Collection, cac. 12. Leonard, “Nye Committee,” 21–24; Robinson, History of North Dakota , 421–22. 13. Bailey, Diplomatic History, 701–2. 14. Leonard, “Nye Committee,” 24–27; Larsen, “Gerald Nye.” 15. Congressional Record 84, pt. 1:376; Erickson, “Prairie Pacifist,” 27–29. 16. Erickson, “Prairie Pacifist,” 27–32. 17. Socolofsky, Arthur Capper, 175–76, 180. 18. Socolofsky, Arthur Capper, 176. Notes 408 19. Larson, “Panay Incident,” 243–44; Partin, “Dilemma,” 89; Socolofsky, Arthur Capper, 180; Larson, “Panay Incident,” 233, 236–37, 239. 20. Partin, “Dilemma,” 86–88; Socolofsky, Arthur Capper, 180; F. E. Spicer to Payne Ratner, September 30, 1939, folder 1, box 14, Correspondence File, 1939–43, Payne Ratner Collection, Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka (hereafter cited as kshs). 21. Partin, “Dilemma,” 86–88; Socolofsky, Arthur Capper, 91–92, 179–80; F. E. Spicer to Payne Ratner, September 30, 1939, folder 1, box 14, Correspondence File, 1939–43, Payne Ratner Collection, kshs; Congressional Record 86, pt. 8:8244–45. 22. Congressional Record 84, pt. 8:8244–45. 23. Billington, “Origins,” 62; Ambrose, Rise to Globalism, 26; Clarence E. Snow to Elmer Thomas, September 19, 1939, folder 1, box 43, James Spulock to Elmer Thomas, September 19, 1939, folder 2, box 43, Bula Swartz to Elmer Thomas, September 19, 1939, folder 3, box 42, Mrs. W. F. Smartz to Senator Elmer Thomas, September 25, 1939, folder 2, box 42, and Lillie Sasnett, September 26, 1939, and Mrs. Vernie Sayers, October 7, 1939, folder 1, box 43, Legislative Series, Elmer Thomas Collection, cac; Mrs. E. J. S. Wilburn Cartwright to Elmer Thomas, October 10, 1939, folder 1, box 43, Wilburn Cartwright Collection, cac. 24. E. Garnet Stone to Elmer Thomas, September 4, 1939, folder 2, box 43, Kittie C. Sturdevant to Elmer Thomas, September 22, 1939, folder 2, box 42, B. H. Synder to Elmer Thomas, September 24, 1939, folder 1, box 43, and Clyde Sullivan to Elmer Thomas, October 12, 1939, folder 2, box 42, Legislative Series , Elmer Thomas Collection, cac. 25. Salina (ks) Journal, November 11, 1939; Bismarck (nd) Tribune, November 24, 1939; Drury A. Wallace to Wilburn Cartwright, May 22, 1941, folder 33, box 7, Wilburn Cartwright Collection, cac. 26. Spritzer, “Senators in Conflict,” 25–26; Congressional Record 85, pt. 1:311–12; Ambrose, Rise to Globalism, 26. 27. Strout, American Image, 215; Tuttle, “Aid-to-the-Allies,” 842, and “William Allen White and Verne Marshall,” 201–2. 28. “How to Stay Out of War,” 91; Smith, “Father, Son, and Country,” 42. 29. Guinsburg, “George W. Norris,” 477, 479, 483; Lowitt, George W. Norris , 252–53. 30. Lowitt, George W. Norris, 417; Guinsburg, “George W. Norris,” 477, 479–86. 31. Congressional Record 84, pt. 2:2187. 32. Congressional Record 84, pt. 4:427–28, and pt. 5:4865, 5275–76. 33. “Gallup and Fortune Polls” (December 1940), 714, 716–17; Mrs. K. Shrum to Congressman Steffen [sic...