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n o t e s Abbreviations BLIC Baltimore Life Insurance Collection, H. Furlong Baldwin Library, Maryland Historical Society HCR Historic Corporate Reports, Baker Library Historical Collections, Harvard Business School MHL Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance Company, Baker Library Historical Collections , Harvard Business School NEMLIC New England Mutual Life Insurance Company, Baker Library Historical Collections , Harvard Business School NYL&T New York Life Insurance and Trust Company, Baker Library Historical Collections , Harvard Business School UNC Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill WCP Elizur Wright Correspondence and Papers, Baker Library Historical Collections , Harvard Business School Introduction 1. Horace Mather Lippincott, Early Philadelphia: Its People, Life and Progress (Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott, 1917), 234; and Philadelphia and Popular Philadelphians (Philadelphia: North American, 1891), 93. 2. Lester W. Zartman and William H. Price, Yale Readings in Insurance: Property Insurance— Marine and Fire (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1926); William M. Fowler Jr., “Marine Insurance in Boston: The Early Years of the Boston Marine Insurance Company, 1799– 1807,” in Conrad Edick Wright and Katheryn P. Viens, eds., Entrepreneurs: The Boston Business Community, 1700–1850 (Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1997), 165–70; and Alexander Mackie, Facile Princeps: The Story of the Beginning of Life Insurance in America (Lancaster, PA: Lancaster Press, 1956), 135, 141–42. 3. Mackie, 64, 127–28; and Corporation for the Relief of the Widows and Children of Clergymen of the Protestant Episcopal Church, The Charters, with the Laws and the List of Members (Philadelphia: Hall and Sellers, 1791). 4. David T. Beito, “‘This Enormous Army’: The Mutual-Aid Tradition of American Fraternal Societies before the Twentieth Century,” in David T. Beito, Peter Gordon, and Alexander Tabarrok, eds., The Voluntary City: Choice, Community, and Civil Society (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002), 189–94. 5. Mackie, 141–42; “Insurances Upon Lives by the Pelican Life Insurance Company, of London,” New-York Evening Post, July 3, 1806: 4; “Communications. To the Members of the General Court,” Independent Chronicle, February 23, 1807; “Insurances Upon Lives by the Pelican Life Insurance Company, of London,” Boston Gazette, February 23, 1807; “Insurances Upon Lives by the Pelican Life Insurance Company, of London,” Poulson’s American Daily Advertiser, March 3, 1807: 3; and “Life Insurance. To Parents, Guardians, and others, desirous of securing a provision against Sudden Death,” New-York Evening Post, July 13, 1808: 3. Israel Whelen, one of Pennsylvania Company’s original incorporators, had served as the Philadelphia agent for Pelican Life during the second decade of the nineteenth century. See “Insurances Upon Lives by the Pelican Life Insurance Company, of London,” Poulson’s American Daily Advertiser, March 3, 1807: 3; and John Gudmundsen, The Great Provider: The Dramatic Story of Life Insurance in America (South Norwalk, CT: Industrial Publications , 1959), 30. 6. An Address to the Citizens of Pennsylvania, Upon the Subject of a Life Insurance Company (Philadelphia, 1813), 2–3. 7. Shawn Johansen, Family Men: Middle-Class Fatherhood in Early Industrializing America (New York: Routledge, 2001), 23–24. 8. Jack Larkin, The Reshaping of Everyday Life, 1790–1840 (New York: Harper & Row, 1988), 265. 9. An Address to the Citizens, 6. 10. For an extended discussion of this practice, see Naomi R. Lamoreaux, Insider Lending : Banks, Personal Connections, and Economic Development in Industrial New England (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1996). 11. An Address from the President and Directors of the Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities, to the Inhabitants of the United States, upon the Subject of the Beneficial Objects of that Institution (Philadelphia: J. Maxwell, 1814), 4. 12. An Address to the Citizens, 7. 13. An Address to the Citizens, 7; and An Address from the President, 6. 14. An Address from the President, 9. 15. An Address from the President, 3, 6–7. 16. Constitution and by-laws of the Orphan Society of Philadelphia (Philadelphia: William Fry, 1815); The First Annual Report of the Philadelphia Orphan Society (Philadelphia: William Fry, 1816); and An Address from the President. 17. Robert F. Dalzell Jr., Enterprising Elite: The Boston Associates and the World They Made (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987), 105–8, 113–15; N. I. Bowditch, History of the Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston: 1872), 10–11; and Peter Dobkin Hall, “What the Merchants Did with Their Money: Charitable and Testamentary Trusts in Massachusetts, 1780–1880,” in Wright and Viens, 403. 18. J. Owen Stalson, Marketing Life Insurance: Its History in America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1942), 750. 314 Notes to Pages 2–6 [3.136.97...

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