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Index abandoned children, 28, 76, 95, 102, 112, 143, 208, 226 abduction (kidnapping), 19, 72, 75, 120, 121, 260 abortion, 121, 142–143, 165, 172, 187, 246; advice as evidence of paternity, 187–189 Académie de Médecine, 143 Académie française, 77 accouchement sous x, 246, 280 Acollas, Émile, 95, 117 adoption, 48–51, 217–237; of abandoned children , 222–223, 227; of adults, 218, 233; and affection, 224, 228; agencies, 226–227; bene- fits to adoptee, 228–235; and birth mother, 228–229; and birth parents, 236; changes in Family Code, 242; changes in laws, 235–236, 270; and Civil Code, 48–51, 221, 223; and constructing families, 43–47, 223–238; upon death of biological mother, 231–232; denied to homosexual couples, 273; informal, 41–43, 217–221; and inheritance, 218, 221–222, 231; and kinship ties, 43, 218, 220, 223, 230–233, 235; legalization of child adoption, 200, 218, 223–226; legislative debates on, 223; nullification of, 219; plénière, 235, 270; as a result of World War I, 223; and the Revolution, 41–47; by single persons , 50, 227, 232–233; simple, 235; as a solution to childlessness, 225; of stepchildren, 233–234 adultery: children of, 205, 258; in the Civil Code, 55; decriminalization of, 259; and the Gardener’s Law, 246; and honor, 204–205; responsibility for child support, 258; of men, 29, 137–138, 140, 154, 156, 179, 206; and moral order, 206; during the Old Regime, 29; and recherche de paternité, 91–92; of women, 55, 137, 154, 156, 201, 203, 252–253, 258 Algeria, 250 Allgemeines Landrecht. See Prussian Code Alliance nationale pour l’accroissement de la population. See National Alliance for Population Growth allocations familiales, 242–244 Alsace, 196 ancien régime. See Old Regime Appeals Court (Cour d’Appel). See Court of Appeals Arnaud, André-Jean, 4, 6, 55 L’Assiette au Beurre, 99, 124–136 Assistance judiciaire: law of, 84; use of, 100, 149, 168 assistance publique, 112, 172–174, 210–216, 221, 238; and adoption, 226–230 Auclert, Hubertine, 150 L’Aurore, 96 Austria, 174 author of the pregnancy (genitor), 1, 10, 16, 20, 25, 51, 64, 69–70, 73, 82, 162–163, 172–173, 193, 197, 242, 246, 261–262 Avril de Sainte-Croix, Ghénia, 301n14 Azema, Michel, 44–45, 229 Balzac, Honoré de, 218 Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin Caron de, 283 Bègles (Gironde), 274 Belgium, 196 Belleville, 210 Bérenger, René, 117–118, 144, 151, 208 Bergier, Antoine, 52 Berlier, Théophile, 31–32, 34–35, 38, 44, 48 Bigot, Alexis, 41 birth bonuses, 243–244 Blois (Ordinance of), 18 blood tests and types, 163, 197, 258–259, 261, 264; as proof in paternity suits, 191–192 blood ties, 42–48, 172, 194, 197. See also family; kinship Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon I Bonapartists, views on paternal authority, 80 Bonzon, Jacques, 149 Bourdieu, Pierre, 5 Brochard, Dr. André-Théodore, 143 Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB). See German Civil Code of 1896 Burgundy, 62 Butler, Judith, 107 Caisse de la maternité, 150–151 Calais, 173 Cambacérès, Jean-Jacques Régis: and adoption, 38–39, 44–46, 48–49, 229; and drafting the Civil Code, 48–49; and legislation , 33–35; and the nation, 38–39; 44–46; and natural law, 31, 34, 52, 137; on individual rights, 38–39; 44–46, 48–49, 52, 137, 229 Canon law, 18, 30, 43, 55, 122 Carbonnier, Jean, 238, 261, 266 Cartel des gauches, 190 Castelsarrasin, 73 Catholicism, 94, 117, 123; on aid to unwed mothers, 244; and conjugal family, 10, 79, 80; on consensual unions, 121; and paternal authority, 80; on paternity searches, 121, 152; on seduction, 121 Cazot, Jules, 118–119 Certeau, Michel de, 5 Chabot, François, 41 Chamber of Deputies, 109, 120–122, 137, 140, 150–151 charitable organizations, 166; religious, 223. See also individual organization names Château-Thierry, 96, 98 Chauvin, Jeanne, 148 Chéliga, Marya, 148 child abuse, 212–215, 217 childbirth: belief in a woman’s word, 16, 20, 23, 27; expenses, paid by putative father, 19, 25, 34, 41, 187, 264–265, 305n71 child custody, 192, 211, 213, 215, 230; during Vichy, 249–255 children: abandoned, 28, 76, 95, 102, 112, 143, 208, 226; affection for, 210; and citizenship, 30–34, 271; also endangerment of, 207; protection of, 155, 157, 169, 208, 211, 222, 242, 245, 256; rights of, 30–34, 39, 42, 137, 145, 149, 152, 271, 276; as victims, 146, 148...

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