On Evolution

Index

Acropora,  adaptation. See natural selection Agelaius, , ,  aging, –, –, – Aging, Sex, and DNA Repair (Bernstein and Bernstein),  agriculture, – Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll ),  allozymes. See protein electrophoresis Ambystoma, –,  American Biology Teacher,  amphibian, –, , , . See also frog; salamander; and specific genera anagenesis,  Anguilla, , – antagonistic pleiotropy, ,  Anthias,  antibiotic resistance,  Archebacteria,  ART (alternative reproductive tactic), , , , – asexual reproduction. See unisexual taxa Attardi, Giuseppi,  Australia, conservation challenges for, – Ayala, Francisco, , – Bacillus,  balance view, of genome variation, , , ,  Bangs, Outram,  Bartram, William, ,  Bass, Ed,  Bateman, Angus, ,  Bateman’s gradient, – Bell, Graham, ,  Bermingham, Eldredge,  Bernstein, Carol and Harris, , – , , , ,  biodiversity, , –, , . See also conservation, challenges and opportunities biological weapon,  Biosphere , – Birch, L.C.,  bird, , , , , , , , , , . See also specific genera Blackler, Antonie,  bottleneck, in population size,  Bouse Sea,  Bowen, Brian,  branching process theory, – broadcast spawning,  brood parasitism. See cuckoldry Brown, Wes, , ,  Bryan, William Jennings,  BSC (biological species concept), – , , –, ,  Bt-toxin gene,  Bulbulcus,  butterfly, – cannibalism, ,  Captivating Life (Avise),  Caretta, . See also turtle Carpodacus,  Index Carroll, Lewis, –, – Chelonia, , –. See also turtle Cicindela,  cladistics, – cladogenesis. See speciation Clarke, Arthur C., ,  classical view, of genome variation, –,  Clegg, Michael,  clonality. See unisexual taxa Cnemidophorus, , , –, , ,  coalescent theory, –, –, – , ,  concordance, genealogical, –,  conservation, challenges and opportunities , –, –, –, , , , – cooperative breeding, , – Coyne, Jerry,  Cracraft, Joel, ,  creationism, – Crow, James, , , ,  cuckoldry, , , , –, –, – Cymatogaster,  cytoplasmic sterility,  Darrow, Clarence,  Darwin, Charles, , , , , , , –, ,  Dawid, Igor,  Diadema, – Dickens, Charles,  diversifying selection, ,  DNA/DNA hybridization,  DNA repair, , – Dobzhansky, Theodosius, , , , ,  Drosophila, –, , , , –,  ecosystem: of genes within cells, – , –; of organisms in nature, – education, challenges for evolution, – eel, , , , – egg dumping, . See also cuckoldry egg mimicry,  egg thievery, – Ehrlich, Paul, ,  embryogenesis, – endangered species, – endosymbiosis, – Eretmochelys, . See also turtle ESC (evolutionary species concept),  Escher, Max,  Escherichia,  ESU (evolutionarily significant unit), – Etheostoma,  Eubacteria,  Eukaryota,  Evolutionary Biology of Aging (Rose), ,  Evolutionary Pathways in Nature (Avise),  Evolution, The International Journal of Organic,  Evolution of Sex, The (Michod and Levin),  extinction, –, ,  fish, , , , –, , , , , – , , –, , , , , , , –. See also eel; sunfish; Syngnathidae; and specific genera Fox, George,  frequency dependent selection,  frog, , . See also specific genera  Index fundamental theorem, in population genetics,  Galileo, – Gambusia,  Gasterosteus,  gender switching,  gene flow, , , , . See also migration gene therapy,  genetically modified organism. See genetic engineering genetic drift, , , –, , . See also neutrality theory genetic engineering, , –, – Genetic Gods, The (Avise),  genetic load, – Genetics in the Wild (Avise),  gene tree, –, , . See also coalescent theory; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeography genome, human, –, , – ,  Geomys, –,  gestation. See pregnancy Ghiselin, Michael, ,  glacier, , ,  Gopherus,  Gross, Mart,  gynogenesis, –,  Han dynasty,  Hennig, Willi, , , ,  Heteronotia,  heterosis,  Hickey, Donal,  Hippocampus,  Hodgson, Peter,  Holliday, Robin,  Hope, Hype and Reality of Genetic Engineering , The (Avise),  horizontal DNA transfer, ,  horsehoe crab,  Hutchinson, Clyde A. III,  hybridization, , , , , , , , , , , , –, , –, , ,  hybridogenesis, –,  inbreeding, – instinct, – invertebrate, , , , –, –, , , , , . See also specific genera Isthmus of Panama,  junk DNA, , – Karl, Steve,  Keller, Evelyn Fox, – Kennedy, John F.,  Key, Wilhemine,  Kimura, Motoo,  Kraus, Fred,  Laerm, Joshua,  Lamb, Trip,  Lansman, Robert, , , ,  Leduc, Stéphane, ,  Leopold, Aldo,  Lepidochelys, . See also turtle Lepomis, , –, , , – Levin, Bruce, , , , , , ,  Lewontin, Richard,  lineage sorting. See coalescent theory linkage disequilibrium, . See also mitochondrial DNA lizard, , , , , . See also speci fic genera Index  Lyell, Charles,  macroevolution, , ,  Making Sense of Life (Keller), – Malaclemys,  mammal, non–human, , , , – , , , , , , –, . See also specific genera mating system, genetic, – Mayden, Richard, , ,  Maynard Smith, J.,  Mayr, Ernst, , , , , , ,  McClintock, Barbara,  medicine, , ,  Meier, Rudolf, , , , , ,  meiosis, , . See also sexual reproduction Mendel, Gregor,  Mendelian genetics, , , , , , , ,  metaphor, –, , – Michod, Richard, , , , , , ,  Micropterus, , – microsatellite marker, , , , , , –, ,  migration, , –. See also gene flow Mishler, Brent, , , , ,  mitochondrial DNA, , , –, –, –, –, –, – , –, – Miyamoto, Michael,  mobile element. See transposable element molecular clock, , , , , –. See also neutrality theory Molecular Ecology,  Molecular Markers, Natural History, and Evolution (Avise),  monogamy, , , . See also mating system, genetic Moritz, Craig, ,  mouse, , ,  mouth brooding. See oral brooding MU (management unit), – Muir, John,  Muller, H. J., ,  Muller’s ratchet, , ,  Mus,  mutation, , –, , , , , , , , –, , , , ,  natal homing, – national park,  natural selection, , –, , –, , , , , , , –,  neoclassical view, of genome variation. See neutrality theory Neolamprologus, – Nerophis, , – nest takeover, , – Neuhauser, Hans,  neutral allele. See neutrality theory neutrality theory, , , –, . See also genetic drift Norse, Eliot,  On the Origin of Species (Darwin), , , ,  oral brooding, – Orr, Allen,  Palumbi, Steve,  paraphyly, , –,  parasitic DNA. See transposable element parentage, genetic methods of assess-  Index ment, –. See also mating system , genetic parental care, , , , , –, –, , , . See also pregnancy parthenogenesis, –,  Passer,  paternal leakage, of mitochondrial DNA, – Phoxinus,  phylogenetic character mapping, –  phylogenetics, , , –, –, , –. See also phylogeography Phylogenetic Systematics (Hennig),  phylogeography, , –, –, – Phylogeography (Avise),  Pitcairn Island, – Platnick, Norman, , , , ,  Pleistocene Epoch, –, , –, –,  Pliocene Epoch,  pocket gopher, –,  Poecilia, –, –,  Poeciliopsis, –, –, , , ,  polyandry, –, , , –. See also mating system, genetic polygynandry, . See also mating system polygyny, –, , , , . See also mating system, genetic polyphyly, , –,  polyploidy, , – Pomatoschistus,  Pope John Paul II,  Popper, Karl,  population size: effective, –, – ; in humans, , –, , –,  postzygotic reproductive barrier, –. See also speciation pregnancy: of females, , –; of males, , – Principles...