Nested Ecology: The Place of Humans in the Ecological Hierarchy

Index

241 Index .................................................................................................................................... ahisma, 108, 109 Allah, 93–96 amala, 102 amana, 95 anomie, 20, 24; and Durkheim, 20 anthropic principle, 88–90 anthropocentrism, 3, 51, 54–55, 57–59, 205–206; necessary, 58–59, 60, 62– 64, 157 anxiety: existential, 193; ontic and ontological, 193 aparigraha, 109 artha, 99 asteya, 109 aswada, 109 authority, and hierarchy, 140–142 autonomy: personal, 43–44; and social order, 43 autotroph, 128 Avatamsaka Sutra, 104 biodiversity, 127 bioenergetics, 199 biosphere: basic needs, 188–189; concept , 69; Earth as, 6, 129–130; Gaia, 183–185; planetary metabolism and ecology, 185–188; self-sustenance, 191–192 brahmacarya, 109 Brundtland Commission, 121 Buddhism, 55, 99–106, 111, 117; anthropocentric, 104; Christianity, 101; creation, 104–105; hierarchical levels of consciousness, 101–103; Mahayanna , 103; nature, 105; philosophy, 106; realms of existence, 104; rebirth, 103; religion, 106–107; transcendence, 106; variations in, 101 Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), 154, 155 carbon sequestration, 129 Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 127 chi, 97–98 Christianity: ecological crisis, 85, 112– 113; evangelical, 91; religious ecocosmology , 85–92; stewardship, 86, 91–92, 117–118 civic responsibility, 10, 205 collective unconsciousness, 199 Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology (COMEST), 71 commune, 36 communitarianism, 26–27, 37, 38, 44; approaches, 5, 43–48; environmental, 27; philosophy, 43; platform, 26 communities, 48, 137; ‘‘of communities,’’ 10, 12, 35, 37, 41, 48, 157; confederation of, 48; functional, 165; healthy and sustainable, 165–166; rural, 41 community: capacity building, 165; commune , 36; communication and conflict resolution, 163–164; development, 39, 179–180; dimensions, 162–163; environmental sustainability, 164–66; healthy and sustainable, 120–122; importance of, 35–36; local, 25; perspective , 37–43, 163; provisioning and maintenance, 180–181 242 INDEX complementarity, 32–34 conflicts, mediating, 47 Confucian tradition, and eco-cosmology, 97–98, 111, 117 consensus, pragmatism and, 197–198 consumerism, 59 control, locus of, 19 cosmic ecology, 4, 6, 11–14, 67–118, 128–133; biosphere, 181; circumterrestrial space, 67–68; ecosystems, 11; essential dimensions, 189–190; Gaia, 181–183; homemaking, 190; householding needs, 189; perspective, 69– 72; purposefulness, 74–76; unknown, 76–78 cosmology: complementary, 81–83; definition , 82; ecological, 81–118; and reverential universe, 84–85; scientific, 81–84; spiritual, 81, 84–118 cosmos, lost in and with, 86 council of all beings, 56 courage to be, 195 culture of domination, 40 decomposers, 129 deep ecology, 6, 54–58, 112; definition, 55 dev, 108 dharma, 99–100 eco-fascism, 55 ecological action and intervention, 203– 205 ecologists: deep, 52; downstream and upstream, 52–54 ecology, 126–128; affirmative, 5; cosmic, 4, 6, 11–14, 67–118, 128–132; deep, 6, 54–58, 112; definition, 4, 6, 14, 16, 38, 153; environmental, 5, 6, 10–11, 14, 50–54; environmentalism, 34; family, 155–157; healthy, 119; ‘‘householder ,’’ 14; ‘‘householding,’’ 13, 14; human, 14–16, 35; humans, 3; nature, 3; needs, 147–149; nested, 4–6, 174, 188; obligations, 31; ‘‘of not,’’ 5, 51– 54, 65; orientation, 20; personal, 5–9, 14–31, 119, 126, 149–152; place, 13; reverential, 110, 111; self, 5, 19, 28– 30, 38; shallow, 55; social, 5, 9–10, 15, 32–49, 64–66, 122–123, 152– 166, 180; solutions, 61–62; spiritual, 12, 14, 78; unknown, 5, 76–78, 81, 112, 116–118; utilitarian, 55 Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), 126 economics, 41, 60; and behavior, 42– 43; free-market, 1; home, 152–155; necessary, 58–59, 62; and sustainability , 2 ecosystem, 1; adaptive management, 142–143; autonomy, 174; biodiversity, 127–128; composition and distribution , 167; constancy and stability, 171–173, 176; disturbance, 168; diversity , 170–171; frequency and amplitude , 173; functional redundancy, 170; health, 119, 180; invigoration, 168; natural, 48; organization, 167–168; persistence, 171; perturbation and rebound, 169, 171; resilience, 127, 168–170, 176; species and structural stability, 172–174, 176; sustainability, 173–176; temporal elasticity, 168; vigor, 127, 166–167, 174, 176 education: environmental, 8; system, 22 energy: chaos and disorder, 176; entropy, 175–176; flows and transfers, 128, 175–176; negative entropy, 175; resources, 176; second law of thermodynamics , 175 entropy, 175–176, 194; negative, 175 environment: built, 60; and control, 19; and ecology, 5, 10–11, 24; and education , 8, 198–200; and health, 119; healthy and sustainable, 126–128; and the past, 18 environmental ecology, 5, 6, 10–11, 14, 50–54; affirmative, 63–64; basic needs, 166; definition, 51, 54; essential dimensions, 177–178; healthy and sustainable , 126–128; householding...