Anti-Americanism and the American World Order

Contents

Contents List of Tables vii List of Figures ix Acknowledgments xi part i: Themes and Theory 1 Overview 3 Introduction 3 ◊ The Central Argument 4 ◊ Attitudes towards the United States 9 ◊ A Historical Overview 13 ◊ Roadmap of This Book 26 2 Two Theories on Anti-Americanism 32 Introduction 32 ◊ Measuring Anti-Americanism 34 ◊ The Popular Basis of Anti-American Sentiment 39 ◊ Two Views on AntiAmericanism 41 ◊ The Soft Power Thesis 48 ◊ Conclusions 50 part ii: Features 3 Patterns of Anti-Americanism 53 Introduction 53 ◊ Dimensions of Anti-Americanism 54 ◊ The Multifaceted Opinions about the United States 59 ◊ Are People Just Trying to Be Polite? 78 ◊ Conclusions 83 4 Testing the Soft Power Thesis 85 Introduction 85 ◊ Description of the Data 86 ◊ Finding the Patterns of Anti-Americanism 92 ◊ Policy, Polity, and Soft Power 97 ◊ Conclusions 105 part iii: Sources 5 Profiles of Anti-American Opinion 109 Introduction 109 ◊ Profiles of Respondents 110 ◊ vi Contents Four Hypotheses 112 ◊ The Empirical Tests 116 ◊ The Findings 118 ◊ Conclusions 136 6 The Sources of the Policy and Polity Frames 137 Introduction 137 ◊ Individual-level Determinants of Anti-Americanism 138 ◊ Country-level Determinants of Anti-Americanism 140 ◊ Findings on Respondents’ Identities 141 ◊ Findings on Country Factors 151 ◊ Conclusions 156 part iv: Persistence 7 Anti-Americanism beyond 2002 161 Introduction 161 ◊ The Image of America in Times of Crisis 164 ◊ Assessing the Persistence of Anti-Americanism 168 ◊ Five Mechanisms 170 ◊ Conclusions 182 8 An Evaluation of the Persistence of Anti-Americanism 184 Introduction 184 ◊ Empirical Findings 185 ◊ Will AntiAmericanism Persist? 196 ◊ Conclusions 197 9 Conclusions 199 Notes 203 References 215 Index 227 ...