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n o t e s Introduction • The De-Evolutionary Turn in U.S. Masculinity 1. McVeigh’s letter quoted by Dan Rather, CBS Evening News, 19 August 1995. 2. For a smart critical summary of the field of men’s history, see Toby L. Ditz, “The New Men’s History and the Peculiar Absence of Gendered Power: Some Remedies from Early American History,” Gender and History 16 (April 2004): 1–35. For an earlier, more prospective , yet valuable, historiographical essay, see Nancy F. Cott, “On Men’s History and Women ’s History,” in Meanings for Manhood: Construction of Masculinity in Victorian America, ed. Mark C. Carnes and Clyde Griffen (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), 205–12. 3. Walter Blair and Franklin J. Meine, Mike Fink, King of the Mississippi Keelboatmen (New York, 1933), as cited by Elliott J. Gorn, “‘Gouge and Bite, Pull Hair and Scratch’: The Social Significance of Fighting in the Southern Backcountry,” American Historical Review 90 (February 1985): 29. 4. Frank Norris, The Responsibilities of the Novelist and Other Literary Essays (New York: Doubleday, Page and Company, 1903), 72–73. 5. Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871; repr., Amherst , N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1988), 583. 6. Gayle Rubin, “The Traffic in Women: Notes on the ‘Political Economy’ of Sex,” in Toward an Anthropology of Women, ed. Rayna R. Reiter (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975), 157. 7. Stephen Jay Gould, “Biological Potentiality v. Biological Determinism,” in Ever Since Darwin: Reflections in Natural History (New York: W. W. Norton, 1977), excerpted in Darwin, ed. Philip Appleman (New York: W. W. Norton, 1979), 464. 8. Stephen J. Gould, “Darwinian Fundamentalism,” New York Review of Books, 12 June 1997, 36. 9. Adam Kuper summarized in David T. Courtwright, Violent Land: Single Men and Social Disorder from the Frontier to the Inner City (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996), 7. 10. William H. Durham, Coevolution: Genes, Culture, and Human Diversity (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991). My understanding of coevolution has also benefited greatly from Paul Ehrlich, Human Natures: Genes, Culture, and Human Diversity (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2000); and Carl N. Degler, In Search of Human Nature: The Decline and Revival of Darwinism in American Social Thought (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991). 11. The foundational work of evolutionary psychology is Jerome Barkow, Leda Cosmides, and John Tooby, eds., The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). For a textbook synthesis of the field, see David M. Buss, Evolutionary Psychology: The New Science of the Mind (Needham Heights, Mass.: Allyn & Bacon, 1999). 12. Darwin, Descent of Man, 372. 13. “Evolved motivational mechanism” is from Mary Daly and Margo Wilson, Homicide (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1988), 5. 14. Gilman’s concept of “androcentricism” can be found, among her other works, in The Man-Made World (1911; repr., Amherst, N.Y.: Humanity Books, 2001). 15. Darwin, Descent of Man, 585. 16. Ibid., 584. Darwin added: “We may also infer, from the law of deviation from averages . . . that if men are capable of a decided pre-eminence over women in many subjects, the average of mental power in man must be above that of woman” (584). 17. Ibid., 592. 18. Ibid., 560. Darwin revealed here nearly a complete dependency on animal analogy: “how close is the parallelism between the sexual differences of man and the Quadrumana [gorilla].” 19. Ibid., 583. 20. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Selected Correspondence, 2nd ed. (Moscow: Progress, 1965), 302. 21. Steven Pinker, The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature (New York: Penguin Books, 2002), 54. 22. Owen D. Jones, “Evolutionary Analysis in Law: An Introduction and Application to Child Abuse,” North Carolina Law Review 75 (1997): 1128; Owen D. Jones, “Sex, Culture, and the Biology of Rape: Toward Explanation and Prevention,” California Law Review 87 (1999): 827–909; Owen D. Jones, “Proprioception, Non-law and Biological History,” Florida Law Review 53 (2001): 831–78. 23. Pinker, Blank Slate, 340–41. 24. Buss, Evolutionary Psychology, 340. 25. Steven Goldberg, The Inevitability of Patriarchy (New York: William Morrow, 1973), 93. 26. Gerda Lerner, The Creation of Patriarchy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986). For intelligent evolution-based complication of Lerner’s history of patriarchy, see Barbara B. Smuts, “The Evolutionary Origins of Patriarchy,” Human Nature 6 (1995): 1–32; Richard Wrangham and Dale Peterson, Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence (Boston : Houghton Mifflin, 1996...

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