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Figures 15 1.1. Technology and Accidents, Great Britain and America 17 1.2. Passenger Fatality Rates, America and Great Britain, 1846–1900 17 1.3. Worker Fatality Rates, America and Great Britain, 1845–1900 18 1.4. Other Fatalities, America and Great Britain, 1852–1900 28 1.5. The Effect of Managerial Choices on the Payoff to Safety Equipment 44 2.1. Percentage of Accidents by Number of Casualties, 1877–1880 and 1898–1900 45 2.2. The Evolution of Train Accidents, 1873–1900 46 2.3. The Changing Causes of Derailments, 1873–1900 58 2.4. The Trade-off Between Rail Weight and Cross Ties 71 3.1. The Rise of Collisions, 1873–1900 73 3.2. The Changing Nature of Collisions, 1873–1900 98 4.1. Locomotive Accidents from Explosions and Broken Rods, 1873–1900 114 4.2. Trainmen’s Fatality Rates, Braking and Coupling Cars, 1890–1909 120 4.3. Passenger Fatality Rates, by Cause, 1890–1910 182 7.1. Passenger and Worker Fatality Rates, 1890–1920 194 7.2. Track and Passenger Miles Protected by Block Signaling, 1900–1939 199 7.3. Derailments, Adjusted for Inflation and Car Miles, 1902–1920 207 7.4. Rail Failures, Five-Year Rates, Adjusted for Track and Traffic, 1908–1939 212 7.5. Fatalities of Trespassers and at Grade Crossings, 1890–1920 244 9.1. Passenger and Worker Fatality Rates, 1922–1939 245 9.2. Safety and Productivity, 1922–1923 and 1938–1939 264 9.3. The Impact of Depression on Trespassing Fatalities, 1926–1940 274 10.1. Passenger Fatality Rates, World War I and World War II 275 10.2. Worker Fatality Rates, World War I and World War II 276 10.3. The Changing Trade-off between Safety and Output, 1918 and 1944 279 10.4. Passenger and Worker Fatality Rates, 1940–1965 288 10.5. Worker Fatality Rates, Three Weak and Three Strong Roads, 1950–1965 291 10.6. Derailments, Adjusted for Inflation, Reporting, and Car Miles, 1940–1965 300 10.7. Derailment Rates, Three Weak and Three Strong Roads, 1950–1965 ix This page intentionally left blank ...

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