State Erosion: Unlootable Resources and Unruly Elites in Central Asia

Index

193 Afghanistan, 155 Akayev, Askar, 135–136 Akhmadov, Mirzohuja, 96–98 Akromiya, 100, 102 Alawites, 126–132 amnesty, 81–83. See also Tajik civil war Andijan uprising, 5, 39–41, 45–48 causes of, 117–121 explanations of, 100–102 Aslonov, Kadriddin, 57–58 Assad, Hafiz, al-, 126, 130 Ayombekov, Tolib, 97–98 Ba’ath Party, 126–132 Bakiev, Kurmanbek, 137–139 Barre, Siad, 140–142, 144–145 Begaliev, Saidullo, 121 Beissinger, Mark, 25–26 Belarus, 20, 132–139 Boix, Carles, 18–19 Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, 7 cadre reform, 105–108 capital mobility, 5–6, 18–20 cash crops. See resources coercion, 8, 103–111 coercive rent seeking, 4–5, 109–111 collective farms, 10, 13–14, 16–17, 168–169n8 during perestroika, 55–60 during Soviet period, 32–34 in Tajikistan, 51–52, 56, 90–92 in Uzbekistan, 52, 59–60, 111–112, 114–117 Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 31–34, 57, 84 Communist Party of Tajikistan, 58, 84 Communist Party of Uzbekistan, 59 corruption, 9. See also rent seeking cotton production, 19 infrastructure investment in, 37–41 in Tajikistan, 55–59, 84–85, 90–93 in Uzbekistan, 59–60, 114–117 courts, 34–35, 92–93, 119–120 Davlatov, Aluviddin, 97 drug trade, 85–87, 97–98, 135 Dushanbe, 63–65 Index economic reform, 80–81, 83–85, 104–105 elites, 6, 17 competition of, 5–7, 60–68, 94–98 cooptation of, 5–7, 68–70, 90–94 Ferghana Province, 14, 32, 39–41, 45–48, 59–60, 68–71 foreign aid, 84–85 fractious state, 70–71, 77–80 Gafforov, Hayot, 111–112 Garm District, 36–39, 42–46, 55–59, 60–68, 70–71, 89, 94–98. See also Rasht District Gorbachev, Mikhail, 55 Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (GBAO), 32, 36–39, 42–46, 55–59, 60–68, 70–71, 89, 97–98 Government of National Reconciliation, 63 Hamidov, Bakhtiyor, 106 Heathershaw, John, 83 Iskandarov, Makhmadrozi, 96 Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan, 96 Jizzax Province, 46 Kamalov, Sabir, 46 Karalkapakistan, 41 Karategin Valley, 39, 44 Karimov, Islam, 59, 103, 105 Karimov, Khoja, 178n66 Kenjaev, Safarali, 172n15 Khatlon Province, 14, 46, 51–52, 56, 90–94 Khorezm Province, 39–40 Khudoiberdiev, Mahmud, 175–176n17 Kuliab Province, 31, 36–39, 42–46, 55–59, 70. See also Khatlon Province Kuran, Timur, 26 Kurgan-Teppe Province, 31, 36–39, 42–46, 55–59. See also Khatlon Province Kyrgyzstan, 20, 132–139 Lebanon, 20, 126–132, 151–152 Leninabad Province, 31, 36–39, 42–46, 55–59 194 VERSO RUNNING HEAD 194 INDEX Levi, Margaret, 6, 21, 154 Lukashenko, Alexander, 133–134, 136–137 Makhamov, Kahhar, 55–59 Makhmadaliev, Mirali, 56 Matabeleland, 143 Migdal, Joel, 17 Mirzoev, Gaffor, 83 Mirzoyoev, Shavkat, 107 Moore, Jr., Barrington, 16 Mugabe, Robert, 140–141, 143–145 Mukhitdinov, Nuriddin, 46 Mullo Abdullo, 97 Myzakmatov, Melis, 139 Nabiev, Rahmon, 57–58 Navjuvanov, Mamadaez, 57–58 Navoii Province, 14, 39–41, 111–113 Nazarov, Abdullo, 97 nomenklatura, 31, 35–36, 43, 47–48, 114 Noraliev, Jora, 107 North, Douglas, 7 Obidov, Kobiljon, 117–123 Olimjonov, Bakhtiyor, 107 Olson, Mancur, 110 patronage, 5–7, 21–25 consequences of, 23 definition of, 22 as problem-solving network, 25 during Soviet period, 34–36 in Tajikistan, 42–45, 87–89 in Uzbekistan, 45–48 perestroika, 27–28, 48–49, 55–60 police, 4, 34–35 in Tajikistan, 56–59, 60–68, 70–71, 87–89 in Uzbekistan, 59–60, 68–71, 112–113 Popular Front of Tajikistan, 65–68, 82–83 prokurators, 4, 10, 13–14, 35 in Tajikistan, 60–68, 70–71, 87–89 in Uzbekistan, 68–69, 71, 76, 108–109 Rakhimov, Bekhtosh, 171n50 Rakhmon, Emomali, 77 Rashidov, Sharaf, 46 Rasht District, 94–98. See also Garm District regime change, 150–152 relative bargaining power. See Levi, Margaret rents, 18. See rent seeking rent seeking, 5–7, 21–23 as roving bandits, 110–113 as stationary bandits, 110, 113–117 during Soviet collapse, 27–28, 55–60 in Tajikistan, 55–59, 80–87, 90–96 in Uzbekistan, 59–60, 103–117, 120–123 resources, 4, 5–7, 17–20 concentrations of, 22 lootable versus unlootable, 17–18 as mechanisms of exploitation, 24–27. See also elites during Soviet period, 32–34 in Tajikistan, 36–39, 83–87, 90–95 in Uzbekistan, 39–42 Roziev, Erkin, 106, 114–117 Russia, 78 Safarov, Sangak, 175–176n27 Salimov, Yaqub, 83, 86 Samarkand Province, 14, 32, 39–41, 46–48, 52, 59–60, 68–71, 113–117 security...