Capital as Will and Imagination: Schumpeter’s Guide to the Postwar Japanese Miracle

Note on Terms and Conventions

xvii References to other parts of the book are by section number, in the format (see x.x). Japanese Names and Words Names of Japanese people are given in the Japanese order (family name first), except in bibliographic citations for English-language works in which they were originally listed in the Western order. When rendered into the Latin alphabet, Japanese words are pronounced more or less as they would be in Spanish or Italian. Money “¥” in the text means Japanese yen. “$” means U.S. dollars. Billion means 1,000 million. The value of the yen diminished more than three-hundred-fold during the first four years after Japan’s defeat, there was no unified market for foreign exchange , and it is therefore difficult to render yen during this period into dollar equivalents. In 1949, U.S. minister Joseph M. Dodge fixed the yen’s exchange rate at ¥360 per dollar, and this rate was maintained until 1971. Era Names Names of Japanese eras since 1868 have been imperial reign names, as follows: Meiji 1868–1912 Taisho 1912–1926 Showa 1926–1989 Heisei 1989– Note on Terms and Conventions CAPITAL AS WILL AND IMAGINATION ...