The Criminalization of Abortion in the West: Its Origins in Medieval Law

Index

259 abduction, 68, 143n32, 217 abjuration. See oaths: abjuration abortifacients, 16, 27–28, 34, 36, 152, 156, 159, 162–163, 165–168, 188–191, 193–196, 202, 205, 214, 223–225, 232, 235–237 abortion, 1, 27–29, 34, 36, 39–40, 51, 53, 75, 83–84, 90, 126–127, 140, 168–169, 194–196, 202–203, 225–226, 229, 233, 237–239 absolution. See penance Accursius. See Corpus iuris civilis: ordinary gloss accusation. See inquisition adultery, 9, 57, 83, 205, 216, 223, 236 Aegidius Romanus. See Giles of Rome Albericus de Rosate, 93, 110 Alexander Tartagnus, 94 Andreas Barbatia, 237 Angelus Aretinus, 94n27 Angelus de Ubaldis, 94n27 animation, 3, 18, 51–52, 54, 67, 71–72, 129–130, 159–162, 180, 202; creatianist doctrine, 13, 100, 114, 119–121; juristic terminology, 25, 86, 108–109, 116–117, 196; successive, 24–26, 29, 31, 36, 79–80, 100–103, 105–108, 118, 162; traducianist doctrine, 100, 103, 118–121. See also embryology Anthony Fitzherbert, 136–138, 140–141 Antoninus Florentinus, 112, 115 Antoninus Tesaurus, 116–118 Apostolic Court of Penance. See Poenitentiaria Apostolica appeals: English common law, 67–73, 134–135, 140–141, 144–146, 222, 233; Ius commune, 182, 214, 218, 230, 238 Aragon, 85–86, 117, 202, 227, 231, 234 Index Aristotle, 101–102, 105, 108, 111, 120–121, 161 Arnold of Naples, 162 Augustine of Hippo, 24, 27, 30, 79, 101, 105, 108 Averroes, 150 Avicenna, 150, 160–161 Azo Porticus, 2–4, 11–15, 17, 29–30, 33–34, 80, 85–86, 90, 100, 130, 133, 200 Baldus de Ubaldis, 14, 94, 107, 116, 124, 133 Bartholomaeus Brixiensis. See Decretum Gratiani: ordinary gloss Bartholomaeus Caepolla, 237 Bartolomeo da Varignana, 153 Bartolus de Saxoferrato, 34n21, 90, 109, 189–191 Bernard of Pavia, decretalist, 106 Bible, 3, 20, 29–30, 49, 79–80, 105–106, 111, 113; ordinary gloss, 13, 106. See also Nicolaus de Lyra; Septuagint Bohemia, 18. See also Brno Brabant, 192, 235 Bracton, 67–68, 70–71, 134–135 Britton, 135–137, 140 Brno, 15, 129, 133, 144, 147, 239 Carolus de Tocco, 80n3 Castile, 85–86, 117, 132, 202, 227, 231, 234 casus reservatus, 82–83, 194–196 Charlemagne, 40n28, 42 child exposure, 154 Cinus Pistoiensis, 109–110 civil litigation. See damages Coke, Edward, 146–147 communal justice, 10, 42–43, 46, 59–60, 63–64, 97–99, 191–192 260 INDEX Compilationes antiquae, 54, 80n3, 106 composition. See damages compurgation. See oaths: purgatory concealment of pregnancy, 16–17, 84, 154, 157–158, 163, 170, 178, 180–184, 200, 204, 209–210, 222, 228n8, 238–239 confession. See confessional manuals; penance: sacramental; proof: admission of guilt confessional manuals, 11, 50–53, 67–68, 82, 112, 125–126, 148, 194, 224–225. See also Raymond of Penyafort consilia, 14, 90–94, 109–110, 147, 160–161, 167, 201, 234, 237 Constantinus Africanus, 159 contraception, 3–4, 36, 51, 53, 83–84, 110–111, 152, 159, 162–163, 194–196, 225n5 contumacy, 16, 72, 137, 176, 206, 208, 222 Corpus iuris civilis, 80, 86, 107, 124, 147, 188, 199–200; ordinary gloss, 29, 87–92, 104n5, 109, 117, 130 coutumes, 228, 233, 238 creatianism. See animation: creatianist doctrine crime, 1, 4–5, 18, 20–22, 31–33, 58, 64–66, 113–114, 125, 133, 145–146, 172–173, 193–194, 200; statistics, 220–223, 226–227 crimen, 4–5, 34–35, 44, 171–172, 224 criminal procedure: cas royaux, 173–174, 206; crown pleas, 11–13, 15, 66, 136, 146, 227, 229; incorrigibility, 195, 235–236; romano-canonical, 16–17, 84, 124–125, 169–170, 172–173, 177–178, 185–186, 199–200, 207–211, 214–217, 222, 238; slander, 17, 100. See also casus reservatus; contumacy; imprisonment: preliminary; inquisition; torture criminal trials: against clerics, 11, 31–33, 54–58, 61, 196, 226, 232; England, 68–75, 134–135, 137, 139, 142–145; France, 2, 153–157, 163–167, 169–170, 174–186, 190–191, 193, 205–206, 209–214, 217–218, 230, 236; Germany, 192, 193n33, 206, 229, 231–232; Italian communes, 2, 90, 153, 203–207, 222–223, 238; Slavic regions, 15, 232–233 culpability, 32–33, 38–41, 177–178, 235; in re illicita, 57–58, 189–191, 224n4; malice, 27–28, 34, 73, 86–87, 91, 93, 165–166, 170, 188, 201; negligence, 54–55; perplexio, 110–116; self-defense, 115; sin, 48–50, 53, 111, 113–114, 210–211 customary law. See coutumes; Leges (Barbarorum) damages, 10, 12, 30, 37–40...