Betting on Biotech: Innovation and the Limits of Asia's Developmental State

Index

191 Note: Italic page numbers refer to tables. Index Academia Sinica, Taiwan, 61, 61n39, 64, 65, 91, 119, 125 Academic Research Fund (AcRF), Singapore , 51, 76 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star), Singapore: administrative authority in, 70–72, 75, 76, 79, 172; and life sciences industry, 122; and R&D capacity, 69, 71, 72–73, 104, 104n65, 109n82, 119n7; and R&D collaboration, 106; and technology transfer, 109 Amsden, Alice, 27–28 Auerswald, Philip, 26n41 auto industry, 8, 9, 28 Avaris, 127, 128, 130 Bayh-Dole Act, 36 Bioethics Advisory Committee (BAC), Singapore, 153, 154 Bioethics and Biosafety Act, Korea, 153, 155 bioethics regulation, 142, 150–55, 163 Biomedical Engineering Center (BMEC), Taiwan, 66, 89 Biomedical Research Council (BMRC), Singapore, 72, 72n61, 73 Biomedical sciences (BMS) Group, Singapore, 71, 73 Biomedical Sciences Initiative (BMSI), Singapore, 49n17, 71, 103–4 Bio*One venture capital fund: and biotech development, 49, 49n17, 108; and BMS Group, 71–72; funds managed by, 71n60; and R&D, 73; and star cases, 128, 129, 130n32, 134, 136; and supply chain networks, 102 biotech commercialization: benchmarking of, 64–65, 120, 121; and downstream programs, 3, 5, 10, 49, 57, 63, 65, 67, 91, 104, 188; and economies of scale, 15; and fragmentation of value chain, 62; and innovation, 13, 33–34, 81; and interministerial conflict, 53; managing expectations of, 118, 137, 138–39; pace of, 6, 7, 11, 113–14; and regulatory infrastructure, 144, 149, 151, 156–58, 163; and regulatory uncertainty, 141, 143, 164, 175; and star cases, 126, 130; state’s role in, 1, 49, 95, 110–12; strategic choices in, 7–8, 170, 171, 176, 182–86; and uncertainty, 2, 7, 16, 30, 31, 34, 95, 165–66, 168–69, 173, 174, 188–89; and upstream basic research, 81, 167, 169, 174, 188 biotech development: benchmarking of, 119, 120–21, 174; and innovations in health care technology, 2–3; and locational advantages, 4, 25, 166, 172; as lossleader investment, 77, 183; and managing expectations, 118–21, 185; and market potential, 33n61; and multidisciplinary challenges, 61, 79, 180; nationally distinctive continuities in, 12, 39–40, 42, 78, 111, 177–79; political economic context of, 3–4, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15, 38, 116, 167, 176, 183, 186, 189; and political interests , 117–22, 117n3, 174; portrayal of, 116–19, 117n3, 122–33, 138–39, 174, 185; profitability of, 6, 114; ratios of sales revenues to R&D investment, 5, 121n9; and small and medium-sized enterprises, 86; and state interventions, 38, 43, 44, 95; and strategic decision making, 3–4, 11, 15, 35, 39, 41–42, 78, 182–86; and uncertainty, 8, 10, 17, 29–35, 41–42, 68, 103–6, 113–14, 175–76 biotech firms: business model for, 115–16, 127, 134–35, 137, 139, 169, 189; and failure, 83–84; research-intensive venture 192 INDEX firms, 12; and small and medium-sized enterprises, 83–87. See also multinational corporations (MNCs) biotech industry: economic uncertainty in, 7, 9, 32–34, 38, 78–79, 138, 169, 174, 181–82; electronics industry compared to, 119, 138; global model of, 83; organization of, 81–82, 84; performance of, 31–32, 34, 38, 123; reframing of, 121–22, 173; and regulatory infrastructures, 7, 11, 34, 38–39, 167; and resource allocation decisions, 2, 12, 39, 43, 44, 56, 77–78; socioeconomic value of, 114; technological uncertainty in, 6–7, 9, 32, 38, 78–79, 138, 169, 174, 181–82; temporal uncertainty in, 9, 11, 32, 34–35, 38, 115–16, 167, 169, 174, 181, 183; uncertainty of, 1–2, 4–11, 13, 16 biotech innovation: benchmarking of, 121; and chaebols, 92, 94–96; and commercialization , 13, 81; economic uncertainty of, 64, 81, 91; and integrating knowledge, 99, 110; and interactions of actors and stakeholders, 62, 110, 111; long-term imperatives of, 115; managing expectations of, 122, 137, 138–39; and managing uncertainty, 35–36, 38, 122; and market pricing, 160–61; multidisciplinary nature of, 13, 32, 35, 53, 100, 151, 170; and private sector investment, 114; and regulatory infrastructure, 120, 128, 163, 175; and regulatory uncertainty, 140, 164; and small and medium-sized enterprises, 99, 108; and star cases, 123; strategic choices in, 170, 182; technological uncertainty of, 64, 81; temporal uncertainty of, 7, 109; trends in, 82; and uncertainty, 1, 6–7, 15, 30, 33–34, 84, 85, 109, 134, 138, 166, 168–69, 181, 188–89; and value-added manufacturing, 105–6, 107 Biotechnology Steering Committee (BSC), Taiwan, 62 Biotech Policy Research Center, Korea, 92–93n35 biotech value chains: fragmentation of...