Affirmative Action for the Future

Index

Index Adarand Constructors v. Pena, 21, 44, 45, 74, 101 Affirmative Action Around the World, 97, 113, 118, 121 Affirmative action for men, 94, 102 Africa, 55 AIDS, 13 Alito, Samuel, 27 Allen, William, x, 23, 24, 109 Asian Americans, 8, 9, 42, 112, 113 Athletic preference, 69, 75, 80, 81, 83, 86, 90, 91, 93, 94 AT&T, 38, 41, 57, 112 Bakke v. Regents of the University of California, 18, 19, 27, 47, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 74, 76, 101, 106, 116, 119, 121 Benign and invidious racial classifications, 21, 44, 45, 46, 74 Bergman, Barbara, 41, 108, 112 Black slavery, 43, 48, 53, 54, 55, 101, 103, 114, 116 Bok, Derek, 85, 86, 118n4, 118n6 Bowen, William, 85, 86, 118 Brennan, William, 64, 67, 69, 74 Brown v. Board of Education, 7, 74, 101 Bush, George H. W., 20 Center for the Education of Women, 24, 109n29 Center for Individual Rights, 2 City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., 20, 43, 44, 53, 101, 103, 113, 114 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 7, 15, 16, 18, 19, 50, 56, 62, 63. 64, 90, 94, 101, 114 Civil Rights Act of 1972, 17 Civil Rights Act of 1991, 20 Clinton, Hilary, 11 Coca-Cola Company, 39, 41, 112 Cohen, Carl, ix, x, 23, 24, 32, 33, 36, 56, 57, 58, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 110, 111, 114, 115, 119, 120, 121 Colorblind, 32, 33, 53, 62, 91, 103, 113, 116 130 Index Compensation to black farmers, 113 Connerly, Ward, 4, 23, 105, 110 Contractors Association of Eastern Pennsylvania v. Secretary of Labor, 64, 85, 108 Critical mass, 71, 117 DeFunis v. Odegard, 18 Dupont Corporation, 12 Eastland, Terry, 56 Educational enhancement programs, 52, 81, 83, 85, 89, 103, 103, 118 EEOC, 16, 17, 20, 40, 58, 63, 112 European Union, 30, 126 Eye color: a person’s race would be no more significant than, 33, 68, 113 Fair Housing Act of 1968, 50, 114 Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988, 50 Farrell, Warren, 10, 11, 107, 108 Federal Housing Authority, 49 First Amendment, 70, 117 Fishkin, James, 61 Florida 20 Percent Plan, 76, 77, 78, 117 Formal equality, 75, 126 Fourteenth Amendment, 18, 19, 56, 64, 65, 73, 74, 75, 94, 101, 108, 116 Freedom of Information Act, ix Fullilove v. Klutznick, 19, 43, 101, 108 Gender-free, 32, 33, 62, 103, 110 General Accounting Office, 13, 17 Geographical preference, 76, 117 Georgia Tech University, 114 Glass Ceiling Commission, 9 Gratz, Jennifer, 23 Gratz v. Bollinger (2001), 68 Gratz v. Bollinger (2003), 1, 22, 69, 70, 95, 96, 116, 117, 120 Griggs v. Duke Power Company, 18, 20, 101 Gross, Barry, 88, 89, 119 Grutter v. Bollinger (2001), 69 Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), 1, 22, 23, 25, 27, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 102, 105, 117, 120, 121 Gurin, Patrica, 94, 95, 96, 116, 120, 121 Gurin Report, 75, 94, 95, 96, 121 Harvard University, 32, 60, 69, 80, 82, 85, 87, 90 Hill, Anita, 20 Holocaust, 48, 111, 113 Home Depot, 12 Hopwood v. Texas, 21, 22, 67, 68, 77, 78, 102, 108, 116 Hume, David, 58, 59 India, 2, 28, 29, 30, 97, 98, 99 Integration, 6, 27, 28, 48, 77 Jim Crow laws, 21, 53, 56, 101, 103, 116 Johnson v. Board of Regents of the University of Georgia, 116 Johnson v. Transportation Agency of Santa Clara County, 30, 116 Kalenberg, Richard, 78, 79 Kaufmann, Susan, 24, 109, 125 Kennedy, Anthony, 20, 27 Kennedy, John F., 15 Korematsu v. United States, 73, 117 Ku Klux Klan, 116 Legacy preference, 80, 81, 82, 83, 90, 91, 93, 94, 103 Local 28 Sheet Metal Workers’ International v. EEOC, 58, 63, 112 LSAT, 60, 86, 87, 119 Malaysia, 29, 30, 97, 99 Mandal Commission, 29 Marks v. United States, 116 Marshall, Thurgood, 21, 67 MCRI (Michigan Civil Rights Initiative), 23, 25, 102 Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education, 27 Metro Broadcasting Inc. v. FCC, 67, 108 Michigan Association of Scholars, 71, 77, 116 Michigan Civil Rights Commission, 26, 110 Michigan Civil Rights Initiative, x, 110, 123 Moral entitlements, 57, 58 Morris, Christopher, 50, 114, 125 Murray, Charles, 84, 118 Naked preference, 110 National Association of Scholars, 94, 95, 96, 120, 121 National Law Journal, 12, 107, Nepotism, 90 New York City Police Department, 12 Nigeria, 97, 98, 99 Index 131 OFCP (Office of Federal Compliance Program...