Groupthink or Deadlock: When Do Leaders Learn from Their Advisors?

Index

Adams, John Quincy, 42 Adams, Richard, 123 Adams, Sherman, 32, 43, 67, 105–106, 113, 115–116, 181 (40), 183 (8), 187 (56), 188 (67) advisory group (see also staff organization), 22, 25–26, 151–165; size of, 162–164, 229 (19); structure of, 19–20, 23, 179 (27), 181 (40), 228 (9) Alaska: economy, 74–75; partition of, 74–76; sources of revenue, 75; statehood, 27, 29, 63, 73–77, 87, 121, 123–124, 166 Allen, Richard, 57, 192 (124) American Labor Party, 115 Ames, Robert, 91 Anderson, Martin, 47, 129–131, 219 (13) Anderson, Robert, 42, 105–106, 110 Annunzio, Frank, 86 Argentina, 79–81, 84, 88 Aristotle, 2 Army, U.S., 112, 115; ArmyMcCarthy hearings, 116–117, 119–120 Atomic Energy Commission, 120 Australia, 107 Austria, 107 Bailey, Norman, 86 Baker Plan, 85–86 Baker, Howard, 54, 146 Baker, James, 32, 54, 56, 81, 85–86, 91, 93, 129, 132–134, 136–137, 146, 163, 166, 221 (40) balance of payments deficit, U.S. See United States, balance of payments deficit Ball, George, 160 Barber, James David, 15, 18, 33, 183 (12) Bay of Pigs, 161, 167 Begin, Menachem, 89 Bidault, Georges, 64, 70, 200 (40) Bismarck, Otto von, 5 Black Panthers, 119 Block, Herbert (Herblock), 32 Bohlen, Charles, 114 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 5 Borgia, Cesare, 167 Brazil, 79, 81, 84, 86, 128 Brownell, Herbert, 45, 119, 218 (97) Index For references to notes, the note number is given in parentheses. 257 Brundage, Perceval, 212 (32) Brzezenski, Zbigniew, 158 Buchanan, Patrick, 142 budget deficit. See United States, budget deficit Bundy, McGeorge, 162 Burke, Arleigh, 43 Burns, Arthur, 43, 101, 104 Bush, George H. W., 56, 86, 91, 93, 145 Buy America program, 108, 111 Califano, Joseph, 158 California, 145 California Q-set, 39, 51, 191 (111) Camp David, 83 Camp Kilmer, 115 Cannon, Lou, 49–50 Carlucci, Frank, 128 Cartagena Group, 84, 87 Carter, James (Jimmy), 52, 57, 78, 94, 143, 149, 158, 166, 182 (6), 192 (119, 124); and defense budget, 128, 132; and staff organization, 158, 161–162, 164–165, 229 (12); personality, 17, 158; popularity, 6, 78, 143, 203 (71) Casey, William, 55, 57, 127, 138, 141, 143, 223 (57) Challenger space shuttle, 97 Chamber of Commerce, U.S., 118 Chile, 81, 84 China, People’s Republic of (PRC), 64, 113–114, 200 (46) Churchill, Winston, 38, 65–66, 69 CIA, 91, 142 civil liberties, 121 Clark, William, 56, 88–89, 91 Clinton, William (Bill), 11–12, 14, 32, 48, 94, 161, 164, 167 closed learning style. See learning style Cohn, Roy, 115 COINTELPRO, 119 cold war, 63, 120, 157 Colombia, 84, 206 (91) Communist Party, U.S., 119 Conable-Hance tax cut, 131–132 Congress, U.S., 83, 85–86, 102, 114, 118, 125; and Alaskan statehood, 74, 77; and IranContra affair, 142–144; and McCarthyism, 118; and tax policy, 129–135; and Vietnam, 70, 72 Contras, 127, 139, 143, 147 Coolidge, Calvin, 191 (117) Coplon, Judith, 118 Council of Economic Advisors: in Eisenhower administration, 43, 104; in Reagan administration, 80 Council on Foreign Economic Policy, 103–104, 107 Council on Foreign Relations, 82 Cuban missile crisis, 7 Cutler, Robert, 43, 68, 71, 214 (59) Darman, Richard, 56, 131, 137 Davis, Arthur C. (A. C.), 68–69 de Gaulle, Charles, 5, 29, 38 de Vries, Rimmer, 83–84 deadlock, 5, 23–24, 89, 127, 151, 153, 156, 159, 163; cases of, 27, 126; definition of, 23; in Reagan administration, 59, 134, 141, 144–150 Deaver, Michael, 32, 50, 54, 56, 58, 133–134, 137, 163, 192 (124), 193 (128, 131), 221 (40), 225 (78) debt crisis, international, 27, 79–88, 150 decision making: and emotion, 3; and stress, 17–18, 156, 170 (12), 201 (51); presidential, 26 258 Index defensive avoidance, 148, 149, 226 (98) Democratic Party, 64, 74; and Alaskan statehood, 74, 76 development loan fund, 102–108, 211 (25) Dien Bien Phu (see also Indochina, Operation Vulture, Vietnam), 27–28, 64–73, 76–77, 94, 111, 120, 159, 166, 199 (34), 200 (40, 43) Dillon, C. Douglas, 67, 105 Doctor Draft Law, 115 Dodge, Joseph, 104–105, 123, 211 (28), 212 (32, 33) Dolan, Tony, 145 Duberstein, Kenneth, 54 Dulles, Allen, 43, 66 Dulles, John Foster, 32, 34, 42, 63, 67, 69, 71, 73, 103, 105, 111, 119, 181 (40), 197 (17), 198 (30) Eisenhower, Dwight, 4, 5, 26, 57, 83, 98, 194 (144), 215 (64); accomplishments, 184 (16); advisors...