Global Media Spectacle: News War over Hong Kong

Appendix I. Sampled Media Organizations

Appendix I Sampled Media Organizations1 Apple Daily: Hong Kong’s mass-circulated newspaper, populist, critical of the PRC, sensational, founded in 1995. Readership (1999): 1,780,000. Asahi Shimbun: Founded in 1979, Japan’s quality national paper. Circulation (1999): 8,321,138 (morning edition), 4,239,094 (evening edition). Asahi TV: Founded in 1957, located in Tokyo, currently with 26 local affiliated stations, one of the biggest national broadcasting corporations in Japan. Associated Press (AP): Global newsgathering organization, a nonprofit cooperative established in 1948. Based in New York, sending more than 20 million words per day to more than 15,000 news organizations in 112 countries. Australian: Australia’s national quality newspaper. Founded in 1824, acquired by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation in 1964. Estimated circulation: 129,000. Australian Broadcasting Cooperation (ABC): Founded in 1932, Australia’s only national public broadcaster. Weekly reach of ABC Television averages 8.9 million people in the five metropolitan cities and 4.2 million people in regional areas. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC): Founded in 1927 as Britain’s public service broadcaster, with far-reaching global influence and prestige. Funded by the license fee. Survived Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher’s attempts to make the BBC carry advertising (1979–1990). BBC1 caters to the majority interest, and BBC2 serves the minority interest. BBC World (TV) is influential overseas; BBC Radio broadcasts in English and 40 other languages. Cable News Network (CNN): Launched in 1980 by Ted Turner as an all-news network. Now owned by AOL Time-Warner. Atlanta-based, specializing in international news 199 1 Partial sources: Tunstall and Machin (1999); Chan and Lee (1991); Lee (2000a, 2000c). reporting. Feeding its service to foreign broadcasters and “international” hotel rooms. Built up its European audiences during the 1990s and became one of the only three profitable pan-European networks. CNN International (CNNI) was launched in 1985 as a separate entity. Cable Television (CTV): Founded in 1993, Hong Kong’s pay cable television. Subscribers (1999): 450,000. Canadian Broadcasting Cooperation (CBC): Founded in 1932, Canada’s national public broadcasting network of ninety-five owned stations and other affiliates. Public funding with supplemental advertising revenues. Central Daily News: Founded in 1927, official organ of the Nationalist Party (Guomindang ) in Taiwan with declining influence. Estimated circulation: 87,000. Central News Agency (CNA): Founded in 1924 as an organ of the Nationalist Party (Guomindang), turned into Taiwan’s national news agency in 1996. Chicago Tribune: Founded in 1847, Chicago-based daily, with regional influence. Conservative editorial position. Weekday circulation (2000): 674,603. The parent Tribune Company now also owns the Los Angeles Times. China Central Television (CCTV): Launched in 1958, China’s state-owned flagship national TV network, currently with 8 channels and a regular staff of 3,698, broadcasting 138 hours of programs daily, covering 87.4 percent of national audience. China Times: First established in 1950, one of the two major press conglomerates in Taiwan . Centrist editorial policy. Estimated circulation: 900,000. Chinese Television Network (CTN): Hong Kong-based satellite TV news channel. Originally owned by Ming Pao, now acquired by Taiwan interests. Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS): One of the New York-based broadcasting networks with international influence. Founded in 1927, the second oldest broadcasting network (after NBC) in the United States. Currently owned by Viacom. Daily Telegraph: Founded in 1855, major national quality newspaper in Britain. Acquired by the Hollinger Company and its chairman, Conrad Black, a Canadian, in 1986. Supporter of the Conservative Party (pro-Thatcher, anti-Major, pro-USA, anti-Europe). Circulation (2000): 1,033,680. Des Moines Register: A respected local newspaper in the state of Iowa, the “heartland” of America. Weekday circulation (2000): 157,705. 200 Appendix I Economic Daily: Founded in 1983, nationally circulated organ paper of the PRC’s State Council. Circulation (1998): 578,411. Far Eastern Economic Review: Launched in 1946, Hong Kong-based, premier regional English-language economic and political weekly journal. Published by Review Publishing , a wholly owned subsidiary of Dow Jones. Circulation (2000): 95,000. Financial Times: Founded in 1888, Britain’s leading financial paper with international influence (outselling the Wall Street Journal on the continent of Europe). Grew rapidly after 1950s with the expansion of the London financial market. Pearson-owned. Has now the largest British newspaper team of foreign correspondents. Owns leading financial dailies in Paris, Madrid, and Hamburg (with Bertelsmann). Now prints each day in five European locations outside Britain, in two...