NOTES In citing works in the notes, short titles have generally been used after the initial reference . Works frequently cited have been identified by the following abbreviations: HS 1 The History of Sexuality Vol. 1: An Introduction Michel Foucault GE “On the Genealogy of Ethics: An Overview of Work in Progress” Michel Foucault NGH “Nietzsche, Genealogy, History” Michel Foucault EW 1 The Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984: Vol. 1: Ethics, Subjectivity and Truth ed. Paul Rabinow BSH Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics Hubert L. Dreyfus and Paul Rabinow CHAPTER 1 1. Jana Sawicki makes the most persuasive case for a Foucauldian feminism in Disciplining Foucault: Feminism, Power and the Body (New York: Routledge, 1991). Several feminists argue that Foucault’s work can be useful for feminism or they use a Foucauldian approach to feminist theorizing, for example, Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (New York: Routledge, 1990); Judith Butler, Bodies That Matter (New York: Routledge, 1993); Susan Bordo, Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture and the Body (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993); Susan Hekman, Gender and Knowledge: Elements of a Postmodern Feminism (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1990); and Ladelle McWhorter, Bodies & Pleasures: Foucault and the Politics of Sexual Normalization (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999). Among the feminists who see Foucault’s ideas as dangerous to feminism or who have expressed reservations about 175 adopting a feminist Foucauldian approach are Nancy Hartsock, The Feminist Standpoint Revisited & Other Essays (Boulder: Westview Press, 1998); Somer Brodribb, Nothing Mat(t)ers: A Feminist Critique of Postmodernism (North Melbourne: Spinifex Press, 1992); Toril Moi, “Power, Sex and Subjectivity: Feminist Reflections on Foucault” in Paragraph: The Journal of the Modern Critical Theory Group, 5 (1985): 95–102; and Rosi Braidotti, Nomadic Subjects (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994). There are many feminists who take a middle position, applying Foucault’s work to feminists issues, but expressing reservations, or applying some aspects of Foucault’s work while criticizing and rejecting others. Feminists who take this middle position include Sandra Bartky, Femininity and Domination: Studies in the Phenomenology of Oppression (New York: Routledge, 1990); Linda Alcoff, “Feminist Politics and Foucault: The Limits to a Collaboration” in Crises in Continental Philosophy, eds. Arleen Dallery and Charles Scott (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990); Linda Alcoff, “Cultural Feminism Versus Poststructuralism: The Identity Crisis in Feminist Theory” in Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 13:3 (1988): 405–436; and Nancy Fraser, Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989). 2. In much of the literature in this debate, poststructuralism and postmodernism are used interchangeably. Although this practice is somewhat confusing, I will use them as synonyms here. Foucault’s relationship to these labels is complicated. His early work has been characterized as structuralist, a label he explicitly denied, and he attempted to distance himself from this approach; see the Foreword to the English edition of The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (New York: Pantheon Books, 1971): xiv. Foucault also denied that he was a postmodernist, and there has been significant debate about whether his work is modern or postmodern. Nonetheless, he is generally seen as one of the most prominent postmodern thinkers. 3. Progressive politics includes a range of positions that advocate social justice, including struggles based on overcoming domination of oppressed groups, working towards economic equality, and working against environmental degradation. Here I am most concerned with political movements that focus on particular marginalized groups of people, such as the gay and lesbian movement, antiracism, and feminism. My focus is on feminism in particular, and I elaborate on a number of feminist positions in this chapter. 4. Barbara Epstein, “Why Poststructuralism is a Dead End for Progressive Thought” in Socialist Review 25:2 (1995): 83–119, 84. 5. Ibid., 43. 6. Brodribb, Nothing Mat(t)ers, xix. 7. Toril Moi, “Power, sex, and subjectivity,” 95. 8. Nancy Hartsock, “Foucault on Power: A Theory for Women?” in Feminism/ Postmodernism, ed. Linda Nicholson (New York: Routledge, 1990): 157–175, 158. 9. Alcoff, “Feminist Politics and Foucault,” 69. 10. As we shall see, the critique of power is widespread among feminist critics of Foucault. For representative arguments, see Nancy Hartsock, “Foucault on Power: A 176 NOTES [3.145.64.132] Project MUSE (2024-04-17 21:07 GMT) Theory for Women?” and Linda Alcoff, “Feminist Politics and Foucault: The Limits to a Collaboration.” 11. Feminist interest in Foucault in the 1990s...