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ix Acknowledgments The content of this work is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. The authors wish to acknowledge the leadership and support of the staff at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Center for Substance Abuse Treatment during the course of the Target Cities Initiative. Chicago: The Target Cities Project in Chicago and the ensuing studies were made possible by grant number 5 UP95 TI00664 from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and contract no. PA 00000019 through the State of Illinois Department of Human Services, Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse. Cleveland: The Target Cities Project in Cleveland and the ensuing studies were made possible by grant no. I- U95 T100672-02 from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, through the Ohio Department of Alcohol and Drug Addiction Services and the Alcohol and Drug Addiction Services Board of Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Detroit: The Target Cities Project in Detroit and the ensuing studies were made possible in part by grant no. 6 U95 T100665-05-5 from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and Michigan’s Bureau of Substance Abuse Services , and a grant from the state of Michigan (Joe Young, Sr.). Portland: The Portland Target Cities Project and the ensuing studies were funded through Multnomah County Department of Community and Family Services under a cooperative agreement (no. 93-196) with the State of Oregon, Office of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Saint Louis: This Target Cities Project in St. Louis and the ensuing studies were supported by grant no. T100662 from the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. San Francisco: The Target Cities Project in San Francisco was supported by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (grant no. U95T100669 ) and by the National Institute on Drug Abuse San Francisco Treatment Research Center (grant no. l 9500-9253). The editors would also like to acknowledge the assistance of Heather K. Huff, M.A., and Beth Pfohl, M.S., in the preparation of this manuscript. x Acknowledgments ...

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