The Call of God: Women Doing Theology in Peru

Notes

Notes Chapter 1 1. Rosa Pacheco, interview and translation by author, 06 March 1998, tape recording; Servicos Educativos El Agustino (Educational Services El Agustino or SEA), Lima. 2. See Cecilia Blondet, Las Mujeres y El Poder: Una Historia de Villa El Salvador (Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 1991), 61–91. 3. For additional information on the life of Moyano, see Diana Miloslavich Tupac, María Elena Moyano: En Busca de una Esperanza (Lima: Centro de la Mujer Peruana Flora Tristan, 1993); and Jo Marie Burt and Aldo Panfichi, Peru: Caught in the Crossfire (Jefferson City, MO: Peru Peace Movement/USA, 1992). 4. Paulina Flores de Osorio, interview and translation by author, 03 February 1998, tape recording, SEA, Lima. 5. Rosa Dominga Trapasso, interview by author, 30 January 1998, tape recording, Centro de Creatividad y Cambio (Center of Creativity and Change), Lima. 6. Robert J. Schreiter, The New Catholicity: Theology between the Global and the Local (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1997), 99. 7. Gustavo Gutiérrez, interview and translation by author, 25 February 1998, tape recording, Instituto Bartolomé de las Casas, Lima. 8. Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation, trans. Sister Caridad Inda and John Eagleson, 15th anniversary ed. (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1994). 9. Although there has been some criticism of the lack of consideration of the situation of women in Gutiérrez’s theology [see National Catholic Reporter (Kansas, MO), 16 September 1996], Gutiérrez stated that I am working with and for las señoras now. But it is a complex question . I am not convinced that if I wrote something (about feminist theology and the situation of women) it would be new. I am not asking 143 my friends in feminist theology to write a book about the problems here in Peru. Today, we have women theologians in Latin America who are working from this perspective. (Gustavo Gutiérrez, 25 February 1998) 10. Flora Tristan (1803–1884) was a French sociologist and feminist. Her book, London Journal (1840) contains an early and courageous defense of women’s rights and labor reform. Her philosophy anticipates Friedrich Engel and Karl Marx. For more information on Flora Tristan, see Doris Beik and Paul Beik, Flora Tristan, Utopian Feminist: Her Travel Diaries and Personal Crusade (Indianapolis : Indiana University Press, 1993); and Flora Tristan, The Worker’s Union (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1983). 11. María Emma Mannarelli, interview and translation by author, 01 April 1998, tape recording, Flora Tristan, Lima. 12. James B. Nickoloff, ed., Gustavo Gutiérrez: Essential Writings: The Making of Modern Theology (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996), 17. Due to the previously unseen mixture of ethnicities existing in El Agustino, the consciousness-raising situation of which Nickoloff writes is a viable reality in the barrio. 13. Stephen B. Bevans, Models of Contextual Theology, ed. Schreiter (Maryknoll , NY: Orbis, 1998), 1. 14. Ibid. 15. Mexico Conference on “Doing Theology from Third World Women’s Perspective ,” in Feminist Theology from the Third World: A Reader, Ursula King, ed. (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Press, 1994), 41. Chapter 2 1. The most thorough analysis of the Aprista Party and its cultural, religious, and political impact is Imelda Vega-Centeno B., Aprismo Popular: Cultura, Religión y Política (Lima: CISEPA, 1991). 2. Ibid., 99. 3. For a more complete history of Sendero Luminoso see Deborah Poole and Gerardo Rénique, Peru: Time of Fear (London: Latin American Bureau, 1992); David Scott Palmer, The Shining Path of Peru (New York: St. Martin’s, 1992); Robin Kirk, Untold Terror: Violence against Women in Peru’s Armed Conflict (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1998); Carlos Iván Degregori, Que difícil es Ser Dios: Ideología y Violencia Politica en Sendero Luminoso (Lima: Zorro de Abajo Ediciones, 1989); and Gustavo Gorriti Ellenbogen, Sendero: Historia de la Guerra Milenaria en El Perú (Lima: Editorial Apoyo, 1991). 4. See Jorge Castañeda, Utopia Unarmed: The Latin American Left after the Cold War (New York: Vintage Books, 1991). 144 Notes to Chapter 2 5. The Armed Forces High Command of Peru announced on 18 July 1962 that the constitution has been suspended. The government was then under the direction of Gens. Ricardo Pérez Godoy, Nicolás Lindley López, and Pedro Vargas Prada, and Vice Adm. Francisco Torres Matos. This military government decreed reductions in support of education. See Degregori, Que difícil es Ser Dios, 8–12. 6. The fatalities from the war against...