The Well of Being: Childhood, Subjectivity, and Education

Notes

Notes Preface: On How This Book Got Its Name 1. Rainer Maria Rilke, “Childhood,” in Selected Poems, trans. Robert Bly (New York: Harper and Row, 1981). 2. Gaston Bachelard, The Poetics of Reverie: Childhood, Language, and the Cosmos, trans. Daniel Russell (Boston: Beacon Press, 1969), 124, 126. Chapter One: Questioning Childhood 1. Henry Vaughan, from “Childe-hood,” The Works of Henry Vaughan, second edition, L.C. Martin, ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957), 520. 2. See for example, Valerie Polokow, The Erosion of Childhood (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982), and Gareth Matthews, The Philosophy of Childhood (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996). 3. Kenneth Keniston, “Psychological Development and Historical Change,” in Rabbs, T.K. and R.I. Rotberg, eds., The Family in History : Interdisciplinary Essays (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1976), 141–157. 4. Pierre Erny, Childhood and Cosmos: The Social Psychology of the Black African Child (Washington, DC: Black Orpheus Press, 1973), 187 and Mark Golden, Children and Childhood in Classical Athens (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990). 5. William Wordsworth, Poems, H.J. Hall, ed. (New York: Scott Foresman, 1924); Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Nature,” in Selected Essays, Lectures, and Poems, R.E. Spiller, ed. (New York: Washington Square Press, 1965). 6. See The Republic of Plato, trans. F.M. Cornford (London: Oxford University Press, 1941), 125, 138; and Laws, in Plato: The Collected Dialogues, E. Hamilton and H. Cairns, eds. (Princeton, NJ: Bollingen, 1961), 1379. For Aristotle, see Physics, 197b:7–10; Eudemian Ethics, 1224a:27–29; Nichomachean Ethics, 1099b:25–1100a:5, 1104b, and 1239a:1–6., in J.L. Ackrill, ed., A New Aristotle Reader (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987); M. Ostwald, trans., Nichomachean Ethics (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1962); and John Burnet, trans. and ed., Aristotle on Education (Cambridge: At the University Press, 1904). 7. The first historian to suggest this was Phillipe Aries, in Centuries of Childhood, trans. R. Baldick (New York: Knopf, 1962). The stage was set for this analysis by Johann Huizinga in The Waning of the Middle Ages (New York: Anchor Books, 1954). 8. Richard Coe, When the Grass Was Taller: Autobiography and the Experience of Childhood (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984). 9. Dominick Cavallo, “The Politics of Latency: Kindergarten Pedagogy , 1860–1930,” in Regulated Children/Liberated Children: Education in Psychohistorical Perspective, Barbara Finkelstein, ed. (New York: Psychohistory Press, 1979). 10. Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan (New York: Pantheon, 1977). 11. Marx Wartofsky, “The Child’s Construction of the World and the World’s Construction of the Child: From Historical Epistemology to Historical Psychology,” in The Child and Other Cultural Inventions , F.S. Kessel and A.W. Siegel, eds. (New York: Praeger, 1983), 208. 12. John Boswell, The Kindness of Strangers: The Abandonment of Children in Western Europe from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance (New York: Pantheon, 1988), 27. 13. Norbert Elias, The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners (New York: Urizen Press, 1978). 188 The Well of Being 14. Neil Postman, The Disappearance of Childhood (New York: Delacorte , 1982), 99. 15. Robert N. Bellah, “To Kill and Survive or To Die and Become: The Active Life and the Contemplative Life as Ways of Being Adult,” in Erik H. Erikson, ed., Adulthood (New York: Norton, 1978). 16. For popular examples of this see John Bradshaw, Homecoming: Reclaiming and Championing Your Inner Child (New York: Bantam, 1990), but the theme is announced in Freudian and Jungian psychoanalysis. 17. Of Grammatology, trans. G.C. Spivak (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1976). 18. Aristotle, Nichomean Ethics, 1119a35, 1144b5; Politics 1260a, 9–14. 19. Golden, 7. 20. Plato, Symposium, 217e., in Hamilton and Cairns, Plato: The Collected Dialogues. 21. Golden, 44. 22. Proverbs 22:15. 23. Matthew 11:25. 24. Ibid., 18:2. 25. Ibid., 21:14–16. 26. Peter Fuller, “Uncovering Childhood,” in Martin Hoyles, ed., Changing Childhood (London: Writers and Publishers Cooperative, 1979), 85. 27. For a summary of sources, see David Kennedy, “The Roots of Child Study: Philosophy, History, and Religion,” Teachers College Record 102, 3 (June 2000): 514–538. 28. For a more detailed account, see David Kennedy, “Child and Fool in the Western Wisdom Tradition,” Thinking 11, 1 (1993): 11–21. 29. See David Kennedy, “Images of the Young Child in History: Enlightenment and Romance,” Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 3 (June 1988): 121–137. 30. Stephen Toulmin, “The Concept of ‘Stages’ in Psychological Development ,” in Theodore Mischel, ed., Cognitive...