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This book is inspired by the ongoing decolonization struggle of Kanaka Maoli (which means “true human being” in the Hawaiian language) or Native Hawaiians. During my academic residence in Hawai‘i, my involvement in campus and community activism led me to the frontline of Kanaka Maoli nonviolent struggles to protect their cultural, religious, ancestral, and living space from destruction, in confrontation with the armed occupying forces of the colonial power. This experience deeply affected my scholarly pursuit. I began to see culture, art, music, creativity, spirituality, affect, joy, and communal identity as an integral part of social transformation. After encountering difficulties in finding a relevant field in academia, I realized that the entire nation of Hawai‘i was an open university for my quest. I was fortunate to have revolutionary Kanaka Maoli as my mentors during their time in this world, such as Kawaipuna Prejean, Thomas Maunupau Jr., Kamakahukilani von Oelhofen, and Didi Malie Lee Kwai. Through their actions, they taught me the importance of music, art, humor, aloha, militancy, joy, and sharing in resistance and social transformation. My doctoral dissertation committee at the Department of Political Science , University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, allowed me to pursue this unorthodox study. My committee chair, Manfred Henningsen, and committee member Michael Shapiro helped foster my growth in political theory and philosophy. Together with the rest of the committee members, Peter Manicas, Alvin So, and Nevzat Soguk, they continue to support my scholarship even after graduation . The Department of Political Science also granted me a postdoctoral academic residence between 2000–2001 to facilitate the revision of my dissertation into a book manuscript. The conversion of my dissertation into this book format could not have taken place without Arif Dirlik. Since he saw potential in my dissertation, he guided me through the entire process of writing a book manuscript. Also, through him I gained a chance to interact with other scholars and professionals who helped raise the level of my academic engagement. I thank Laikwan xi Acknowledgments Pang, Kwai-Cheung Lo, and Ching Hay Deng; Kirk Denton and the reviewers for Modern Chinese Literature and Culture; Mathew Hammon and a reviewer for Rowman & Littlefield for their criticism, encouragement, and inspiration. Scholars, artists, and professionals provided assistance in the final stage of manuscript preparation. My gratitude goes to Jane Bunker, Larin McLaughlin, Diane Ganeles, Ryan Hacker, Michael Campochiaro, and the reviewers for the State University of New York Press, David J. Clarke, Allan Koss, Cope 2, Naomi Pritchard, Ron Dorfman, Shi Young, Bruce Behnke, Jordan “Iyaform” Pezel, and Penny Hirata-Knight. Friends, mentors, comrades, colleagues, groups, and institutions who nurtured the growth of my work from a dissertation are: Kekuni Blaisdell, Noenoe Silva, Leandra Wai, Eric Po‘ohina, Ras Karif, Taharba Essadi, Doug Margolis, Umi Perkins, Kawika Lam, Kealoha Pisciotta, Hanaloa Helela\, Heejong “Ichard” Sears, Karla Kral, Sulubika, Joy Ahn, Cornerstone Rockers, Pete Shimazaki Doktor, Doug Kuo, Kelly Kraemer, Richard Salvador, John Pincent, Tony Castanha, Katherine Waddell-Takara, Tim Baltzar, H’lane Resincoff, Thalia DeMott, Karen Taira Murray,Thumper, Aloha Liberation Front, Palani Kelly, Nichole Field, Liloa Dunn, Peter Miller, Val Johnston, Konrad Ng, Lilia McGuire, all my past students from the University of Hawai‘i system, KTUH, Refuse and Resist Hawai‘i, Revolution Books, University YWCA of Hawai‘i, and others. Ikaika Hussey, April Durham, and Elssonne Baley carefully read my manuscript and gave me valuable comments and suggestions. Finally, the affection and support of my family made this book possible. I thank my parents, Masaji and Michiko Kato, who gave me life and opportunities to spread the message of peace from Hiroshima. I am greatly indebted to my ‘Ohana from here in Hawai‘i, Teale, Leong, and Gorai families for their unconditional love. I thank Noa Helela\, Li‘a, and La\‘ie for their patience, understanding, and accommodation, and my spouse Laulani Teale for being a positive companion in this journey, sharing the workload as well as the emotional ups and downs involved in writing. With all the help and support I got from numerous individuals and institutions, I am solely responsible for any deficiency and errors in this book. The photograph on page 35 is reprinted from James Yin and Shi Young, The Rape of Nanking: An Undeniable History in Photographs (Chicago: Innovative Publishing Group, 1996). I thank the editor, Ron Dorfman, for permission to reprint. A shorter and condensed version of chapter 2, “Burning Asia: Bruce Lee’s Kinetic Narrative of Decolonization,” was first published in Modern Chinese Literature and...

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