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This third edition of the classic text updates the information contained in the earlier editions, and includes new chapters on the origins of Hinduism; its history of relations with Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam; Hindu science; and Hindu measures of time. The chronology and the bibliography have been updated as well. A comprehensive survey of the Hindu tradition, the book deals with the history of Hinduism, the sacred writings of the Hindus, the Hindu worldview, and the specifics of the major branches of Hinduism—Vaisnavism, Saivism, and Saktism. It also focuses on the geographical ties of Hinduism with the land of India, the social order created by Hinduism, and the various systems of Hindu thought. Klaus K. Klostermaier describes the development of Hinduism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including present-day political Hinduism and the efforts to turn Hinduism into a modern world religion. A unique feature of the book is its treatment of Hinduism in a topical fashion, rather than by chronological description of the development of Hinduism or by summary of the literature. The complexities of Hindu life and thought are thus made real to the reader, and Hindus will recognize it as their own tradition.

Table of Contents

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  1. Cover
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  1. Title Page, Copyright
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  1. Contents
  2. pp. v-vii
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  1. Illustrations
  2. pp. ix-xi
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  1. Preface to the Third Edition
  2. p. xiii
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  1. Abbreviations
  2. pp. xv-xvi
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  1. Note on Transliteration and Pronunciation
  2. pp. xvii-xviii
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  1. Introduction
  2. pp. 1-14
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  1. Part I: Hinduism: Sources and Worldview
  2. pp. 15-16
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  1. CHAPTER ONE: The Beginnings of Hinduism
  2. pp. 17-29
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  1. CHAPTER TWO: Hindu Dharma Orthodoxy and Heresy in Hinduism
  2. pp. 30-44
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  1. CHAPTER THREE: The Veda: Revelation and Scripture in Hinduism
  2. pp. 45-58
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  1. CHAPTER FOUR: Itihāsa-Purāṇa: The Heart of Hinduism
  2. pp. 59-73
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  1. CHAPTER FIVE: The Bhagavadgītā
  2. pp. 74-85
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  1. CHAPTER SIX: The World of the Hindu
  2. pp. 86-100
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  1. CHAPTER SEVEN: The Many Gods and the One God of Hinduism
  2. pp. 101-117
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  1. Part II: Trimārga: The Three Hindu Paths to Liberation
  2. pp. 119-121
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  1. CHAPTER EIGHT: The Path of Works: Karmamārga
  2. pp. 122-135
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  1. CHAPTER NINE: Purity and Merit: The Twin Concerns of Karmamārga
  2. pp. 136-146
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  1. CHAPTER TEN: Saṃskāras: The Hindu Sacraments
  2. pp. 147-155
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  1. CHAPTER ELEVEN: The Path of Knowledge: Jñānamārga
  2. pp. 156-165
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  1. CHAPTER TWELVE: Ātman and Brahman: Self and All
  2. pp. 166-172
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  1. CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Karma, Vidyā, Mokṣa: Liberation from Rebirth
  2. pp. 173-180
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  1. CHAPTER FOURTEEN: The Path of Loving Devotion: Bhaktimārga
  2. pp. 181-197
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  1. CHAPTER FIFTEEN: Lord Viṣṇu and His Devotees
  2. pp. 198-217
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  1. CHAPTER SIXTEEN: Śiva: The Grace and the Terror of God
  2. pp. 218-231
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  1. CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: Devī: The Divine Mother
  2. pp. 232-247
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  1. CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: Mudalvan, Murukan, Māl: The Great Gods of the Tamils
  2. pp. 248-259
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  1. Part III: The Structural Supports of Hinduism
  2. pp. 261-262
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  1. CHAPTER NINETEEN: The Divine Presence in Space and Time: Mūrti, Tīrtha, Kāla
  2. pp. 263-287
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  1. CHAPTER TWENTY: The Hindu Social Order: Caturvarṇāśramadharma
  2. pp. 288-297
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  1. CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE: Saṃnyāsa: The Highest Hindu Aspiration
  2. pp. 298-310
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  1. CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO: Strīdharma: The Position of Women in Hinduism
  2. pp. 311-324
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  1. CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE: Hindu Structures of Thought: The Ṣaḍdarśanas
  2. pp. 325-332
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  1. CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR: Hindu Logic and Physics: Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika
  2. pp. 333-341
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  1. CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE: Hindu Metaphysics and Psychology: Sāṁkhya-Yoga
  2. pp. 342-350
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  1. CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX: Hindu Theology, Old and New: Mīmāṃsā and Vedānta
  2. pp. 351-367
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  1. Part IV: Hinduism Encountering the “Other”
  2. pp. 369-370
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  1. CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN: Hinduism and Buddhism
  2. pp. 371-380
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  1. CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT: Hinduism and Christianity in India
  2. pp. 381-393
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  1. CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE: Hindus and Muslims in India
  2. pp. 394-409
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  1. CHAPTER THIRTY: Hindu Reforms and Reformers
  2. pp. 410-428
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  1. CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE: Mahātmā Gandhi: A Twentieth-Century Karmayogi
  2. pp. 429-440
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  1. CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO: Hindūtva—Hinduism—Hindu Dharma
  2. pp. 441-454
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  1. Part V: Miscellany
  2. p. 455
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  1. CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE: India and the West
  2. pp. 456-465
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  1. CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR: Hinduism and Science
  2. pp. 466-475
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  1. CHAPTER THIRTY-FIVE: Hinduism and Ecology
  2. pp. 476-489
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  1. CHAPTER THIRTY-SIX: Hindu Measures of Time
  2. pp. 490-496
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  1. CHAPTER THIRTY-SEVEN: Indian Chronology
  2. pp. 497-507
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  1. Maps
  2. pp. 509-512
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  1. Notes
  2. pp. 513-586
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  1. Glossary
  2. pp. 587-610
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  1. Bibliography
  2. pp. 611-660
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  1. Index
  2. pp. 661-700
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