The Economy of the Greek Cities: From the Archaic Period to the Early Roman Empire

Index

INDEX 191 Account sheets, 11 Aegean islands, map 1, 16, 22, 63, 82–83, 86 Aegina, 21 Aegina standard (coinage), 123 Aetolia, 172 Against Lacritus, 140 Agis (king of Sparta), 45 Agoranomoi (magistrates), 97, 144–45, 147–49, 168, 172 Agoras, 129–30, 144, 147–48 Agriculture, 7, 16, 66–72, 79–92; constraints on, 175; implements of, 19–20; nobility of, 30, 33, 89; subsistence, 178; taxation of, 121. See also Land and landownership Agrigentum, 87 Agronomy, 34, 68 Alexander the Great, 22, 124, 125, 126 Alexandria, 132 Alliances, 59, 61, 123, 168–69 Alphabet, 8–10 Amorgos, 140 Amphipolis, 103, 104 Amphoras, 13, 87, 97, 99 Amyntas III of Macedon, 162 Andania, 172 Andocides, 59, 152–53 Antiquity, 7, 11–12, 18–21, 174. See also Economy Apollo, 81, 107, 108 Apologoi (port magistrates), 145 Arcesilaus (king of Cyrene), 9 Archaeology, 11–13 Archaic period: agorai and emporia of, 144; citizenship in, 43; emigrations of, 82; land distribution in, 78; local trade during, 128, 137; orality and texts of, 8; port Archaic period (continued) facilities of, 135; proxenia in, 153; role of cities in, 5; taxation during, 49; technai of, 93; technology of, 18, 19 Argos, 41 Aristophanes, 9, 137 Aristotle: on agoranomoi, 147; on chrematistics, 34; on commerce, 31–32, 34; on landownership, 78; on Laurion mines, 105; on money, 56; on piracy, 25; on politics , 32; on slavery, 42; on trade, 56, 170–71; on warfare, 27; on writing, 10. See also PseudoAristotle —The Athenian Constitution, 145–46, 148 —Nichomachean Ethics, 56 —Politics, 9, 47, 65–66, 170–71 Artos (bread), 157 Asia Minor, 22, 57, 85, 99, 132 Asylia (asylum), 154, 159, 160 Ateleia (tax exemption), 155–59, 162, 164 Athenocentricity, 11, 13 Athens: acropolis restoration, 107; alliances, 59, 61, 123, 168–69; campaigns against piracy, 25; citizenship in, 39; classical texts of, 9; construction sites of, 107, 109, 112; craft industries of, 32, 93–94, 96; currency of, 123–24, 125; financial surpluses of, 108; foreign trade of, 51; grain of, 134–35, 146–47; international agreements of, 157–58, 161–62, 163; large businesses of, 98; management methods of, 53; merchant elites of, 141; mining interests of, 103, 105–6, 114; mint of, 59; naval expenses of, 112–13; political dominance of, 62–63; port of, 50, 63, 126, 129, 132, 146, 151, 154; public/private interactions in, 175; public projects of, 113–14; recovery from Peloponnesian War, 44; revenue sources, 53, 105; stone quarries of, 100; taxes of, 134–35, 50; in War of the Allies, 34, 53, 154; wood supply of, 101; written contracts in, 10 Attica, 21, 79, 150 Augustus (emperor), 24–25 Autourgoi (small farmers), 79, 85–88 Banditry, 25–26 Banking, 125–27 Barley, 69, 75–76 Beekeeping, 75 Boeotia, 8, 21, 74, 82, 83, 88 Braudel, F., 178 Bronze, 121, 125 Bronze Age, 18, 19, 70, 93 Businesses, 92, 98–99, 113, 137–43, 164 Carbon-14 dating, 12 Caria, 61 Ceos, 164, 168–69 Cereals, 68–70, 72, 75, 82, 88. See also Grain 192 / Index Chalcidice, 162 Chios, 87 Chr− emata, hiera (sacred funds), 47 Chrematistics, 31, 34–35 Cilicia, 102 Cities, Greek: of Asia Minor, 22; asylia agreements among, 159; benefit of pax Romana for, 62; borrowing by, 53, 140; business enterprises of, 92, 137–43; coastal, 17, 65, 66; conflicts between, 24; consumption in, 4, 134; debt settlement in, 26–27; defense projects of, 110–12; dependent communities of, 37, 41, 43; economic spaces of, 36–65; exchange in, 4; expansion of economic spheres, 60–63; financial management in, 28–29, 52–54, 176; financial reserves of, 35; forced labor in, 108, 112; foreign domination of, 60; forests of, 101; geography of, 15–18, 65; under Hellenistic sovereigns, 61–63; imports of, 167; labor force of, 42–43; market controls of, 144–50; market economy of, 176–77; marketplaces of, 129–30; and medieval cities, 7; metics in, 34, 40, 43, 65; minting by, 58–60, 123; non-Greek populations of, 41; number of, 5; personal privilege decrees of, 155–56; population size of, 65; price controls by, 148–49; private space in, 46–49; production in, 4; provisioning of, 35; public expenditures of, 46, 49–54, 166–70; public projects of, 48, 83, 93, 100–114; public space in, 46–49; revenue sources of, 48, 49, 50, 100, 102, 103, 105, 171; role in agriculture and commerce , 64...