Birth Models That Work

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

ix figures and tables FIGURES 2.1. Pressures supporting the emancipation of the midwifery profession in New Zealand / 62 5.1. Trends in place of birth / 154 5.2. Cesarean section rate / 155 6.1. Reasons for hospital transfer / 181 6.2. Transfer rates / 183 8.1. Trends in place of delivery / 214 8.2. Perinatal mortality rate (per 1,000 total births) by place of delivery for Japan / 230 14.1. Cesareans in Brazil by region / 391 14.2. Preterm births associated with cesareans / 403 TABLES 1.1. Births in the United States and the Netherlands, 1940–2002 / 32 1.2. Birth in the Netherlands by place, 1995–2002 / 35 1.3. Infant mortality rates for various countries, 1960–2005 / 36 1.4. Practicing gynecologists, midwives, and family doctors in the Netherlands, 1980–2007 / 40 1.5. Distribution of primary-care midwives working in different types of practices, 1980–2007 / 43 2.1. Proportion of births managed by maternity provider type / 70 8.1. Emiko’s labor time compared to the hospital average / 222 10.1. Comparison of outcomes in private and public hospitals for births attended by Ricardo Jones / 282 10.2. Outcomes of births attended by Ricardo Jones, 1999–2007 / 294 11.1. Perinatal deaths at the CASA Hospital, 1994–2006 / 313 12.1. Characteristics of care provided to women delivering in Mercy in Action birth centers in Davao and Cebu, 1996–1999 / 352 12.2. Complications and interventions of women delivering in Mercy in Action birth centers in Davao and Cebu, 1996–1999 / 354 14.1. Selected indicators of resources, health status, and type of maternity care for Brazil by region / 389 APPENDIX TABLES 14.1. Program of the seminars: outline / 406 14.2. Official participants in the efforts to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality / 408 14.3. Partners in the pact for the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality / 409 c.1. The medical (technocratic) and midwifery (humanistic and holistic) models of birth / 456 c.2. The technocratic, humanistic, and holistic models of medicine / 461 c.3. The medical spectrum / 461 x figures and tables ...